大鹏湾中叶绿素-a的多年调查结果及其与环境因子的灰关联分析

依据1998-2009年145个航次的调查资料,简要描述和分析大鹏湾海水中叶绿素-a含量的空间分布和时间变化,并对其与各环境因子之间的灰关联进行分析。结果表明大鹏湾海水中的叶绿素-a含量夏、秋季较高,而冬、春季较低,且表层高于底层,平均为4．6μg-L^-1;由于受到香港和深圳陆源排放的影响,终年吐露港和沙头附近海域的叶绿素-a含量明显高于其他区域。lla（1999-2009）调查期间,香港海区叶绿素-a含量各航次均值的年际变化略呈下降趋势,表明大鹏湾海水的生态环境质量有所改善。灰关联分析结果表明各因子对叶绿素-a含量影响大小的排序为：亚硝酸盐≥硝酸盐≥5d生化需氧量≥磷酸盐≥酸碱度≥氨≥可溶性总氮≥盐度兰可溶性总磷≥溶解氧≥可溶性硅兰温度。     

Assessment of Residential Rain Barrel Water Quality and Use in Cincinnati,Ohio1

The collection, storage, and reuse of rainwater collected in rain barrels from urban rooftop areas assists municipalities in achieving stormwater management objectives and in some areas also serves as an adjunct resource for domestic water supplies. In this study, rainwater reuse and levels of select microbial indicators were monitored for six residential rain barrels located in the Shepherd Creek watershed of Cincinnati, Ohio. Water from rain barrels typically had poor microbial quality and was used for watering indoor and outdoor plants. Rain barrel water chemistry was slightly acidic, exhibited wide ranges in conductivity, turbidity, and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and gave no evidence of the presence of cyanobacterial microcystin toxins. Selected microbial water‐quality indicators indicated that counts of total coliform and enterococci were consistently above U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards for secondary recreational contact water‐quality standards. Residential rain barrels can provide water appropriate for low‐contact reuses (such as plant watering), although there may be transient periods of high levels of indicator bacteria in the collected water.     

Can you tell a green field from a cold steel rail? Examining the “green” of Green Infrastructure development

The rapid development of Green Infrastructure as an approach to planning has enabled landscape practitioners to implement a range of projects utilising its principles. Discussions though exist examining what Green Infrastructure is, how it should be planned, and whether it can be identified as only those elements of the landscape that are green. A further element of this argument examines the use of water within this process. Therefore, as planners, we can ask: can we tell a green field from a cold steel rail? Both may have a green or sustainable function with only the visual appearance differing. Debates, however, focus on practitioner selectivity of the interpretation of “green” infrastructure planning exploring whether physical landscape characteristics or the function of an investment is the main focus of discussion. Using the grey–green continuum developed by Davies et al. [2006. Green infrastructure planning guide project: Final report. Annfield Plain: NECF], this paper examines whether geographical differences exist in the application of the Green Infrastructure and examine how practitioners use the ambiguity of Green Infrastructure planning to guide investment. Drawing on academic and practitioner literature provides this paper with a balance of conceptual and process-based assessments evaluations of global Green Infrastructure focusing on the design and implementation of terrestrial and marine resources. This paper also examines whether the dominant landscape planning framework in each region could be considered contradictory to the wider application of Green Infrastructure principles.     

基于指数平滑技术的水体污染灰色预测模型及应用

文章在分析传统灰色GM（1,1）预测模型所存在的缺陷基础上提出采用指教平滑技术和灰色理论相结合的方法构建一新的ES—GM（1,1）预测模型。新的预测模型通过指数平滑技术和二次累加生成技术将原始的水质污染监测数据进行处理挖掘数据序列潜在的规律性,以2001年到2007年长江南京段水质主要污染监测数据作为实例和传统预测模型进行对比分析计算,结果证明新ES—GM（1,1）的预测模型精度大大提高。长江南京段水质污染预测计算结果表明如果不采取有效的污染预防和控制措施,到2012年COD蜊和BOD5年平均浓度值将分别上升到1．791mg/L和2043mg／L。     

吉林省能源消费与“三废”排放量的灰色关联分析

目前,能源与环境问题倍受关注,运用灰色关联分析法,及吉林省近几年能耗统计数据和三废排放量的统计数据进行定量分析,研究各种能源消费与三废排放量的内在灰色关联,说明各种能源消费对环境质量的影响程度。研究表明：煤炭消费量与三废排放量的关联度最大,石油消费量次之,天然气和风电水电属清洁能源,其与三废排放量的关联度最小。     

共原点灰色聚类法在大气环境评价中的应用——以福州市2001年到2008年大气环境质量为例

建立了共原点灰色聚类法大气环境质量综合评价模式,并应用于福州市2001～2008年大气环境质量评价,结果表明：与传统模糊数学评价方法相比,共原点灰色聚类法评价结果更为细腻,评价结果更符合实际情况。共原点灰色聚类法用于评价大气环境质量是可行的。     

基于集成学习的改进灰色瓦斯浓度序列预测*

为有效提高煤矿瓦斯浓度动态预测精度,基于微分方程理论和最小二乘法,从灰色预测模型静态灰色作用量出发,优化灰色作用量,推导幂指数型灰色作用量的改进灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法,推导基于集成学习不同灰色作用量幂指数型灰色瓦斯预测模型,进而研究吉林八连城长期和短期瓦斯浓度监控数据预测精度。结果表明:瓦斯浓度时间序列近似线性时,基于集成学习的改进灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法优于传统灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法,使瓦斯浓度预测值和实际值的均方根误差降低,均方根差最大降低2.25%。研究结果可有效提瓦斯浓度预测精度。     

淤地坝坝地淤积与侵蚀性降雨的灰色关联分析

水土流失是黄土高原地区重要的环境问题之一,淤地坝措施作为该区水土流失治理的重要工程措施之一发挥了巨大作用,但其淤积过程与水毁机理的研究较少.本文在全面调查黄土高原淤地坝的基础上,选取典型淤地坝,挖取剖面进行测量和分层取样,利用库容曲线和实测每个淤积层的淤积厚度求得每层淤积泥沙量,运用灰色关联分析法,系统地研究了侵蚀性降雨的4个指标(降雨侵蚀力R、降雨量P、最大30 min降雨强度,I30、平均降雨强度 I)与坝地泥沙淤积量之间的关联度.结果表明,降雨侵蚀力 R和坝地泥沙淤积量的发展趋势最为密切,呈幂函数关系;降雨量 P对淤积量的影响仅次于降雨侵蚀力,其关系呈指数型;最大30 min降雨强度,I30和平均降雨强度I对坝地泥沙淤积量的影响较小.     

几种常用屋顶绿化植物的耐热性评价

耐热性足屋顶绿化植物必备的指标之一.试验采用盆栽法,选择佛甲草、沿阶草、高羊茅、白三叶4种屋顶绿化常用植物,研究了在高温胁迫条件下植株的形态特征、脯氨酸含量、超氧岐化酶含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量.结果表明:所有参试植物的生长和生理指标都随热胁迫的程度而变化,但植物之间差异显著.其耐热性强弱顺序为:佛甲草...     

中国不同时期经济发展与碳排放的关联分析

经济的快速发展是碳排放的主要驱动因素.为解释中国经济增长与碳排放量的关系,文章引用碳排放量分解模型,对中国1978-2009年碳排放量进行较为精确的测算,并分析碳排放的趋势及其特点.在此基础上,采用灰色相对关联度方法,分阶段测算不同历史时期下经济发展 与碳排放量的关联度.结果表明:从碳排放的增长速度上看,1996-20...