遥感技术在城市建筑震害预测中的应用研究

长期以来,在城市的震害预测研究工作中,建筑物属性信息的主要获取方法是基于人工调查的传统方式。近年来,随着遥感技术的发展,尤其是高分辨率民用遥感卫星的成功发射,使得利用遥感技术进行城市震害预测成为可能。鉴于传统的信息获取方式存在的费时费力,数据获取周期长,数据信息时效性差等缺点,以郑州市中牟县的部分住宅区为例,对高分辨率遥感影像在城市震害预测中的应用做了相应研究。     

单变量灰色预测模型在煤矿开采沉降预测中的对比分析

以预测煤矿开采而引起的地表高程的损失为目的,通过灰色系统理论的建模、关联度分析和残差辨识,建立基于贫信息的传统GM(1,1)模型、GM(1,1)残差模型、时序残差GM(1,1)模型,又建立基于原始数据具有绝对误差的灰色CompertzⅠ和灰色LogisticⅠ模型与具有相对误差的灰色CompertzⅡ和灰色LogisticⅡ模型,并将其应用到金竹山矿业公司土珠煤矿的地表沉降量的实际预测分析中,对该矿2007年度1—10月的地表高程损失量进行灰色生成后,建立了7种灰色预测模型。根据其预测值的精度检验结果对比分析表明,所建立的7种模型均为一级(好)模型,且灰色CompertzIⅡ和灰色LogisticIⅡ模型远优于传统GM(1,1)模型,预测精度高,可靠性强,对煤矿开采的复垦规划有重要指导作用。     

矿井风流温度预测分析研究

随着煤矿机械化程度不断提高,特别是随着开采深度逐渐增加,矿井热害问题日益突显,高温环境不仅影响生产效率而且严重危害着工作人员的健康。为了更好地降低高温矿井开采时期巷道风流温度,确定合理的巷道布置方案和矿井通风系统,提出矿井巷道风流温度预测方法。以矿井通风和热力学为基础,结合网络解算,对矿井风流温度分布进行研究,总结各种类型巷道风流温度的计算方法,提出多点风流混合温度计算模型。结合具体矿井进行实际预测分析,预测结果中显示风流温度可能超限的巷道,对通风系统进行优化设计。     

残矿回采地压安全预警系统的构建方法与应用研究

为提高矿山的安全生产水平,针对地下矿山复杂环境下残矿回采过程潜在的安全问题,并基于安全系统工程的观点与粗糙集理论的属性约简功能,提出残矿回采地压安全预警系统的构成内容与构建流程,建立地压监测数据的神经网络灰色Verhulst算法组合预测模型和安全评价模型。据此,构建国内某矿山残矿回采中段的地压安全预警系统,该地压安全预警系统为本矿山的残矿回采过程提供了安全保障。残矿回采地压安全预警系统能指导矿山循序渐进的构建符合残采系统工程实际的安全预警系统。     

On the Food Disasters in the Lower Jingjiang Reaches: Grey Prediction Model and Application

In the light of the historical substantial data (covering a 70-year period) collected in the Lower Jingjiang segment and aided by topological grey method, here we attempt to characterize the occurrence and future trend of flood calamities in the study area. Our findings indicate that overall the high-frequent flood disasters with middle to lower damage prevail at present. A series of dramatic flood waves will appear in the years of 2016, 2022, 2030and 2042, particularly a destructive flood will occur between 2041 and 2045 in the Lower Jingjiang reaches. Typical of sensitive response to flood hazards in close association with its special geographical location, the lower Jingjiang segment hereby can reflect the development trend of floods in the middle Yangtze reaches. According to the results, a good fitness was revealed between the prediction and practical values. This actually hints that the topological grey method is an effective mathematical means of resolving problems containing uncertainty and indetermination, thus providing valuable information for the flood prediction in the middle Yangtze catchment.     

出口贸易可持续发展:理论内涵、评价模型及经验研究

在人文贸易主义价值取向逐渐兴起的背景下，对外贸易可持续发展观越来越受到关注。选择以出口贸易可持续发展作为研究对象，在对出口贸易可持续发展内涵进行理论阐释的基础上尝试建立测度一国出口贸易可持续发展水平的指标体系和评价模型，最后对中国出口贸易可持续发展水平进行经验研究。结果显示1985-2003年中国出口可持续发展水平大致呈现出曲折缓慢上升趋势，通过灰色聚类可将各年份出口贸易可持续发展水平划分为优、良、中、劣四等。在多数年份中国出口社会经济效益的获取要以同期环境质量下降和资源过度消耗作为代价，且中国出口规模的持续加速上升并未带来出口经济效益水平的提升，这主要源于出口贸易条件的恶化，因此需警惕在中国出现“贫困化出口增长”问题。     

港口石油化工码头及其库区灾害事故应急系统研究

通过对石油化工码头及其库区危险因素的分析,提出编制应急预案重点要考虑的问题是:明确重大危险源性质与布局;灾害事故的类型及规模;灾害事故等级的划分;一旦发生灾害事故,谁来指挥,谁来救灾,拿什么救灾,怎么救灾的应急反应机制和整个应急过程的通讯联络。为使应急预案具有可操作性,提出了预案编制要点。石油化工码头及库区灾害事故应急系统除编制灾害事故应急预案外,还应实施由重大危险源电子地图信息管理,油品(化学品)的理化特性、应急处理方法及防护措施基本信息查询,可燃有毒气体泄漏扩散模拟预测和池火热辐射强度模拟预测等组成的危险源管理地理信息系统和灾害事故灾情快速预测系统。     

Field‐Scale Application of Three Types of Neural Networks to Predict Ground‐Water Levels1

Abstract: In this paper, a field‐scale applicability of three forms of artificial neural network algorithms in forecasting short‐term ground‐water levels at specific control points is presented. These algorithms are the feed‐forward back propagation (FFBP), radial basis networks (RBN), and generalized regression networks (GRN). Ground‐water level predictions from these algorithms are in turn to be used in an Optimized Regional Operations Plan that prescribes scheduled wellfield production for the coming four weeks. These models are up against each other for their accuracy of ground‐water level predictions on lead times ranging from a week to four weeks, ease of implementation, and execution times (mainly training time). In total, 208 networks of each of the three algorithms were developed for the study. It is shown that although learning algorithms have emerged as a viable solution at field scale much larger than previously studied, no single algorithm performs consistently better than others on all the criteria. On average, FFBP networks are 20 and 26%, respectively, more accurate than RBN and GRN in forecasting one week ahead water levels and this advantage drops to 5 and 9% accuracy in forecasting four weeks ahead water levels, whereas GRN posted a training time that is only 5% of the training time taken by that of FFBP networks. This may suggest that in field‐scale applications one may have to trade between the type of algorithm to be used and the degree to which a given objective is honored.     

基于灰色新陈代谢马尔可夫模型的飞行事故预测

灰色预测适用于时间短、数据量少和波动不大的预测问题,在长期预测时,数据序列拟合较差,预测精度偏低;而马尔可夫链适用于长期、数据序列随机波动大的预测问题。笔者结合灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型和马尔可夫链理论的优点,建立飞行事故预测模型。模型去掉已失去参考价值的历史老信息,补充新信息,克服了随机波动性数据对飞行事故预测精度的影响,提高了灰色预测的应用水平。实例预测1973—2008世界飞行事故,其结果证明了灰色新陈代谢马尔可夫GM(1,1)模型预测精度较高,可用于飞行事故预测,具有较强的科学性和实用性。