Water Quality Changes as a Result of Coalbed Methane Development in a Rocky mountain Watershed1

Abstract: Coalbed methane (CBM) development raises serious environmental concerns. In response, concerted efforts have been made to collect chemistry, salinity, and sodicity data on CBM produced water. However, little information on changes of stream water quality resulting from directly and/or indirectly received CBM produced water is available in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine changes instream water quality, particularly sodicity and salinity, due to CBM development in the Powder River watershed, which is located in the Rocky Mountain Region and traverses the states of Wyoming and Montana. To this end, a retrospective analysis of water quality trends and patterns was conducted using data collected from as early as 1946 up to and including 2002 at four U.S. Geological Survey gauging stations along the Powder River. Trend analysis was conducted using linear regression and Seasonal Kendall tests, whereas, Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was used to detect changes in the spatial pattern. The results indicated that the CBM development adversely affected the water quality in the Powder River. First, the development elevated the stream sodicity, as indicated by a significant increase trend of the sodium adsorption ratio. Second, the development tended to shrink the water quality differences among the three downstream stations but to widen the differences between these stations and the farthest upstream station. In contrast, the development had only a minor influence on stream salinity, as indicated by that the stream electrical conductivity exhibited either no trend or a marginally significant positive trend. Hence, the CBM development is likely an important factor that can be managed to lower the stream sodicity. The management may need to take into account that the effects of the CBM development were different from one location to another along the Powder River.     

The circular economy in China

This article makes an attempt to answer the three questions of why China is devoting its full effort to promoting a circular economy, what a circular economy is, and how to implement a circular economy in China. The evolutionary process of a circular economy in China, from introduction of the concept and the relevant actions of national decision making to demonstration of the system nationwide, has taken only around 6 years, with strong encouragement from politicians and the urgent need to cope with environmental pollution and a severe shortage of natural resources. The circular economy in China is now being actively implemented at three levels: enterprises, eco-industrial parks, and regions. The consolidated theoretical bases of ecology and economics have helped the circular economy to define its position as a new economic model to effectively resolve the problems of resources and the environment. In this regard, material flow management is naturally a unique planning and management method for implementation of a circular economy, and eco-efficiency is a good indicator to measure circular economic activities. Of particular significance has been initiation of the legislative process for the Circular Economy Law, which is among a number of initiatives developing core policies for a circular economy in China. Stringent enforcement of a set of policies for energy saving and pollution abatement nowadays in China will certainly create an enabling environment for the development of a circular economy.     

云南省交通事故数据的分析研究

通过对云南省1981—2003年的交通事故统计数据的分析研究,给出了交通事故死亡人数的预测模型。通过与发达国家类似的交通事故历史数据的对比分析,给出以时间和机动车拥有量为自变量、交通事故死亡人数为因变量的简单预测模型,该模型对2004年的交通事故死亡人数的预测是准确的;同时采用该模型预测了云南省交通事故死亡人数的峰值及其年份。结论指出:基于目前的人、车、路和管理水平及发展趋势,云南省的交通事故死亡人数在2013—2018年之间将达到高峰,高峰时的交通事故死亡人数在5528～7369人之间。     

电力系统抗震可靠性研究与分析综述

地震是最可能造成电力系统遭受严重破坏的自然灾害。对电力系统的震害特点进行了一些研究和介绍,针对这些特点提出了提高电力系统抗震可靠性的措施和建议,并对电力系统抗震可靠性研究现状及发展趋势作了综述。     

东北地区玉米低温冷害综合指标研究

在以往对低温冷害指标研究的基础上，将低温冷害成分不同的发育阶段进行分析，结合发育期日数和初霜日研究等，讨论分析了东北地区玉米的低温冷害问题，提出一个玉米低温冷害综合指标。该指标生物学和农学意义明确，计算较为方便，便于在预报上的应用。     

长江三角洲河流污染现状及变化趋势

长江三角洲是我国最大的经济核心区,随着该区内城市化步伐的加快和工业化程度的提高,区内绝大部分河流已遭到日益严重的污染.笔者根据长江三角洲地区河流水质历年监测资料,并结合实验室实测数据和实地考察,简要地分析了该地区主要河流水质现状,初步揭示了该地区河流污染的空间分布特征以及时间变化趋势,以期为该地区河流污染的综合治理以及环境保护的可持续发展提供科学的依据.      

近50 a长江流域暴雨日数时空变化分析

利用1961~2010年长江流域逐日降水资料和DEM数据,结合Mann-Kendall趋势法、变差系数法以及GIS空间分析等方法,分析了近50 a长江流域年均暴雨日数时空变化特征。结果表明:长江流域年均暴雨日数基本呈自东向西递减的规律,且随着海拔升高,年均暴雨日数逐渐减少,两者呈显著负相关关系;长江流域上游高原气候影响区年均暴雨日数小于1 d;而中上游中亚热带湿润气候影响区大于2 d;随着纬度的增加,暴雨开始时间推迟,结束时间提前,持续时间减少;年暴雨日数的变差系数与年均暴雨日数满足幂指数关系,相关系数达0.97,为显著相关。表现为年均暴雨日数大(小)的地方,变差系数小(大);除长江中下游中部和四川盆地及其周边地区年暴雨日数为减少趋势外,其它地方均表现为不同程度的增加趋势。鄱阳湖水系、四川(雅安市、峨眉山市、万源市)、湖南(安化县、南岳区)、湖北(洪湖市、英山县)年暴雨日数多且变差系数小,洪水、泥石流等灾害压力巨大;为有关部门了解长江流域洪水等灾害的发生机制、提高灾害预测预报能力、制定防灾减灾政策等提供科学依据。     

香格里拉城区空气污染特征及其变化趋势分析

采用污染物平均负荷系数分析法和污染物Separman秩相关系数分析法,对香格里拉县城区2008～2011年5a环境空气污染特征及其变化趋势进行分析,得出影响香格里拉县城大气环境质量的主要污染物是可吸入颗粒物。可吸入颗粒物呈下降趋势,二氧化硫呈上升趋势,二氧化氮变化平稳。     

挥发性有机物催化消除研究进展

催化消除治理VOCs具有起燃温度低、节能、适用范围广的优点,课题从VOCs催化消除反应机理、催化剂制备方面进行了论述,并针对当前催化消除治理VOCs面临的问题及其发展趋势进行了总结和展望,以期为VOCs治理技术开发提供借鉴。     

中国乡村旅游研究历程与新时代发展趋向

通过系统的文献梳理,回顾总结了中国乡村旅游的研究历程,将其划分为初级化应用研究（1992—2005年）、多元化拓展研究（2006—2015年）和融合性深化研究（2016年至今）三个阶段,分析了各阶段的时代背景和研究价值取向,借助CiteSpace知识图谱分析,揭示了研究主题的变化过程与研究特征。结合新时代乡村振兴战略和旅游发展需求,阐述乡村旅游的基本特性,构建了新时代乡村旅游的研究框架,提出了主要科学问题,并对乡村旅游的研究趋向及其学术创新进行了展望。强调乡村性和游憩性构成了乡村旅游的基本特性。应围绕新时代的国家战略及高质量发展要求,紧跟国际学术前沿,立足于中国乡村旅游研究的本土实践,将产业、生态、文化、治理、生活作为核心要素,构建“五位一体”的乡村旅游研究基本框架;聚焦乡村地域系统及其复杂性、关键性旅游科学问题,加强研究平台与专业人才建设,综合集成多学科理论和技术方法,强化数据驱动与科技赋能,深入揭示乡村旅游推动乡村振兴的过程、格局、机制和规律,探索中国特色的乡村旅游振兴发展模式与路径;不断推动理论研究深化、实践应用创新和乡村旅游学发展,提高乡村旅游学术水平、创新能力、服务价值和国际化水平。