两种粒径氧化镍纳米颗粒对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生物毒性

采用藻类生物毒性测试方法(OECD201)研究了两种粒径氧化镍(NiO)纳米颗粒对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生物毒性.发现纳米颗粒的毒性与其尺度有关,7 nm NiO的毒性大于20 nm NiO,二者72 h EC50分别为18.01和74.64mgNiO/L.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了对...     

1株草除灵高效降解菌的分离鉴定与降解特性研究

从农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中分离得到1株能以草除灵为唯一碳源生长的菌株.经生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析,将此菌株初步鉴定为Methyloversatilis sp.,命名为MBLHC-2.对菌株MBLHC-2的生长特性研究表明,液体培养时,菌株呈絮状生长;在30℃、pH 8.0的R2A培养基中生长...     

浸入式短流程超滤膜生产工艺过程膜污染的形成与控制

以江苏芦泾水厂膜技术改造工程为对象,从水质、膜工艺特征结合生产运行过程以及污染膜的清洗进行了分析,目的是了解膜污染的组分构成,评价不同清洗剂的清洗效果,获取较优的清洗顺序.结果表明,原水以憎水酸(HOA)和亲水组分(HIM)为主体,质量分数各占40.34%和28.48%.溶解性有机物(DOM)则以芳香性蛋白质Ⅱ类物质为...     

镉对作物种子萌发、幼苗生长及氧化酶同工酶的影响

本文研究了镉对四种作物的某些影响.玉米和西葫幼苗生长受镉抑制明显,根内POD同工酶谱带比对照减少.旱萝卜幼苗生长虽也受抑,但根内POD没有变化.沙窝青萝卜和西葫幼苗根内COD同工酶谱带也比对照减少,这似乎也与镉害有关.     

采伐迹地青()和云杉两种人工群落生长规律的初步研究

研究了采伐迹地32a生的青(x)(Picea wilsonii)和29 a生的云杉(Picea asperata)两种人工群落平均木地径(Db/cm)、胸径(DBH/cm)、树高(h/m)、生物量(Vind/m3)以及群落的生物量(V/m3hm-2)生长过程,探讨了两群落的生物量和两种群个体数分布规律.主要结果为:①云杉的平均带皮地径(Dbb/cm)、带皮胸径(DBHb/cm)、平均h和Vind分别为16.3、12.9、9.14、0.05908,而青的则分别为8.1、5.2、5.65、0.00571.②云杉和青群落的V/m3.hm-2分别是155.09和23.55.③云杉Db、DBH、h、和Vind生长高峰期分别在树龄10～16 a、14～18 a、20～24 a和20 a;而青(x)的上述值生长高峰期则分别在树龄24 a、18～22 a、20～24 a和32 a.④按胸径级分布,云杉和青(x)群落中胸径＜13 cm的个体的V分别占各群落总生物量(Vt)的25.51%和100%;其个体数分别占各群落总个体数的58.74%和100%.⑤按生长级分布,云杉和青群落的I、II级木的V分别占各群落Vt的90%和57.64%;其个体数分别占各群落总个体数的63.7%和22.08%.     

生长调节物质对益母草总生物碱积累的调控

本文对益母草进行了没生长调节物质的田间喷施处理,追踪生长调节物质对益母草总生物碱积累的影响效应。     

Adaptive peaks and alternative foraging tactics in brook charr: evidence of short-term divergent selection for sitting-and-waiting and actively searching

Some recently emerged brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) inhabiting still-water pools along the sides of streams are sedentary and eat crustaceans from the lower portion of the water column. Others are more active and eat insects from the upper portion of the water column. We provide evidence that this divergent foraging behavior reflects short-term divergent selection brought about by intraspecific competition in the presence of alternative food sources. Rates of encounters and interactions between individuals were density dependent, and encounter and interaction events were closely timed with prey capture attempts. In addition, aggressive fish made more foraging attempts per minute than nonaggressive fish. Aggressive fish were also either inactive or very active, while nonaggressive fish exhibited intermediate levels of activity. Growth rate potential, an important component of fitness during the early life stages of brook charr, was assessed using tissue concentrations of RNA and found to be highest for sedentary fish and for active fish making frequent foraging attempts, and lower for fish exhibiting intermediate levels of activity. Our findings support contentions that individual behavior plays an important role during initial steps in the evolution of resource polymorphisms. Received: 27 July 1998 / Accepted after revision: 16 November 1998     

植物生长调节剂在土壤中的环境行为综述

为保障粮食生产安全,植物生长调节剂在全球农业生产中发挥的作用越来越重要,近10年全球销售额的平均增长率高达14％以上.一直以来,大多数植物生长调节剂一直都被认为是低毒或者微毒农药,而近期研究发现很多植物生长调节剂及其在环境中的降解中间产物对人体或生物安全都存在直接或潜在威胁.作为植物生长调节剂进入食物链的关键环节,植物...     

新疆工业污染与“九五”时期防治对策

对新疆工业污染的现状及产生的原因进行了分析论述,并提出了相应的防治对策。