杭州市环境保护投资效益分析

用于环境保护的投资,是防治环境污染,保护和改善生态环境的重要条件。本文从环境保护投资比例、资金流向、治理效果、环境质量改善、环境污染损失,以及城市居民健康变化、环境舒适性和审美学等方面,对杭州市近十年环境保护投资的效益进行了分析。     

Fetal urinary insulin-like growth factor I and binding protein 3 in bilateral obstructive uropathies

Fetal urinary concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (UIGF-I) and binding protein 3 (UIGFBP-3) were determined in patients with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral obstructive uropathy. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three groups, on the basis of outcome: group 1, termination of pregnancies (n = 11) with sonographic evidence of severe oligohydramnios or renal dysplasia, confirmed at histological examination; group 2, patients (n = 10) with postnatal plasma creatinine > 50 μmol/1 at the age of 1 year (1 yr-pCreat); and group 3, patients (n = 16) with 1 yr-pCreat ≤ μmol/1. The results show a significant increase in UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 in groups 1 (18 159 ± 9083 pg/ml; 2657 ± 669 ng/ml) and 2 (1574 ± 847 pg/ml; 176 ± 50 ng/ml) in comparison with group 3 (35 ± 6 pg/ml; 21 ± 2 ng/ml). UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with postnatal plasma creatinine, and were both sensitive (90 per cent; 80 per cent) and specific (88 per cent; 88 per cent) for prediction of elevated 1 yr-pCreat (>50 μmol/1). Fetal urinary IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased in severe fetal bilateral obstructive uropathy, possibly reflecting tubular dysfunction or/and increased synthesis consequent upon fetal kidney injury. Their predictive value for postnatal renal function needs further assessment.     

岩溶石笋的古环境研究进展

全球变化研究的热点问题是获得十年到百年甚至年月分辨的气候变化规律。岩溶石笋因其诸多优点 ,将在古环境研究中发挥越来越重要的作用。本文从当前研究的现状出发 ,在石笋微层年层对比、微层形成机制、稳定同位素记录、灰度、生长率、微量元素以及紫外激光诱发荧光等方面的研究进行了综述 ,并结合自身研究成果 ,提出了自己的看法     

环境监察效能亟待提高

近年来,随着经济的快速增长,环境监察领域的逐步拓展,环境监察工作日益繁重.然而由于现有环保法律不完善、监察力量薄弱,监察手段落后、管理体制不顺等原因,环境监察工作不断暴露出一些问题,提高环境监察效能已刻不容缓.作者结合工作实践,就如何提高环境监察效能,提出首先要明确环境监察执法主体资格,理顺执法体制,其次通过加强硬件建设和队伍建设来强化执法手段和执法水平,并通过进一步完善公众参与机制和环境稽查机制,推动环境监察部门全面提高执法能力.     

新型伞形罩烟气洗涤器的性能研究

针对中小型燃煤锅炉的粉尘和二氧化硫等有害气体的污染问题,开发出一种新型伞形罩烟气洗涤器。以粉煤灰、空气和水为物系,测试了伞形罩烟气洗涤器的压降(ΔP)、除尘效率和动力消耗。实验的入口气速为10～18m/s,含尘浓度为2～22g/m3,液气比(L/G)0～0.8L/m3。结果表明:伞形罩洗涤器的ΔP较小,在250～750Pa范围内;当L/G为0.2L/m3时,除尘效率达98.8%以上,动力消耗约0.06×10-3kW.h/m3(气体约216Pa),实现节能高效的目的。     

高效菌活性污泥法处理分散染料废水实验研究

针对复合微生物的筛选和分离进行了研究 ,分离出处理分散染料废水起高效降解作用的 2株菌种。结果表明 ,2株高效菌对分散染料废水降解能力很强 ,与普通菌结果对比CODCr去除率提高 17% ,并且高效菌对废水浓度的耐受性也明显提高     

中国灾害的军事救援及其机制研究

中国是一个灾害频繁的国家。灾害造成了巨大的直接、间接经济损失和人员伤亡，对社会经济发展产生了严重的影响。中国的具体国情和人民解放军的特殊性质，决定了军事救援历来在中国的灾害救援中具有不可替代的地位，发挥着突击队和生力军的作用。由于客观上存在着一些制约因素，使得军事救援的实施效率受到了一定程度的影响，未能得到最大限度的发挥。因此，必须尽快建立适应新时期军队执行抢险救灾任务需要的军事救援机制。     

20种护耳器噪声防护效果的探讨

探讨了国内外２０种护耳器对石油钻井噪声的防护效果。首先在隔声室内模拟石油钻井工人接触的噪声环境，声级达１０３ｄＢ（Ａ）。采用护耳器主观测量方法对每种护耳器进行噪声防护效果测量，并筛选出噪声防护效果明显的几种护耳器。     

Assessment of the maximum possible liquid superheat during flashing leak flow

During the discharge of flashing liquids through leaks due to abrupt depressurization a transient thermodynamic non-equilibrium in the form of a boiling delay in the superheated liquid flow can occur. As a consequence the actual mass flow quality is smaller than calculated under the assumption of an immediate adjustment of the thermodynamic equilibrium between the phases. For the prediction of the leak mass flow for a given pressure difference the magnitude of this self-adjusting mass flow quality is needed.

Most of the models cited in the literature include only the equilibrium mass quality as limiting quantity and ignore further effects as that of the depressurization velocity or the mean nucleus distance. For the assessment of the maximum possible liquid superheat during flashing only the conduction heat transfer from a stagnant liquid to the bubble surface is used to describe the bubble growth.

The sub-model for the bubble growth due to expansion and mass transfer necessary for the global prediction of the transient thermodynamic non-equilibrium in flashing liquids was validated using bubble radii measured by Hooper et al. [Bubble growth and pressure relationship in the flashing of superheated water. Technical publication 6904, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Toronto, 1969] for the case of a sudden depressurization of initially saturated water. On this basis the calculated time-dependent temperature field, the actual mass quality, the mean liquid temperature and, in comparison to the corresponding values based on the assumption of immediate thermodynamic equilibrium, the maximum possible liquid superheat are predicted.     

布袋式除尘器在电厂输煤系统上的应用

针对胜利电厂皮带输煤系统粉尘浓度高、污染环境、影响职工身体健康的问题，用布袋式除尘器替代原有的静电除尘器，并对布袋除尘器辅助系统进行了多处改进和完善，提高了运行的可靠性。投运后粉尘质量浓度由原来的18．3mg／m^3降低至1．68mg／m^3，除尘效率达到了98％以上。