污泥减量化技术的研究进展

从现阶段国内外污泥处理与处置在环境和经济方面存在的问题出发 ,阐明了研究污泥减量技术的紧迫性。根据生物处理工艺中影响剩余污泥产生的可能途径 ,将污泥减量技术分为降低细菌合成量的解偶联技术、增强微生物利用二次基质进行隐性生长的各种溶胞技术、利用食物链作用强化微型动物对细菌捕食的技术 ,介绍了各种技术的研究现状 ,并比较了减量效果和优缺点     

Degradation of para-hydroxybenzoic acid by means of mixed microbial cultures

Olive mill wastewater contains some phenolic compounds that cause antibacterial activity of a kind that prevents biological treatment without previous dilution. Among these phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) is considered to be one of the most representative. This work examines the biodegradation of PHB by aerobic microbial mixed cultures previously acclimatized to glucose, which was used as an easily biodegradable model compound. Microbial growth runs were carried out in a batch reactor in the PHB concentration range of 200-1000 mg/L. In all the runs the PHB proved to be completely degradable. The specific growth rates obtained were in the range of 0.16-0.35 l/h. Experimental runs showed that the functional relationship between the specific growth rate and PHB concentration was that proposed by Monod. The kinetic constants of the Monod equation (mu(max) and K(S)) and biomass yield coefficient (Y) were determined experimentally. With the parameter values thus obtained, a mathematical model that also takes account of the duration of the lag phase was employed to describe both the microbial growth and the consumption of PHB. The concentration values of the model fit well with the data obtained experimentally.     

生物膜/悬浮生长强化处理城市污水研究

采用生物膜与悬浮生长强化处理工艺,提高了高负荷生物滤池后续活性污泥的抗冲击负荷和可生化性.综合了生物滤池与活性污泥法各自的优越性,提高了处理效果.     

扁刺栲在两种类型林分中的生长过程分析

通过对扁刺栲—华木荷林区针阔混交林、次生阔叶林的群落调查以及扁刺栲的树干解析．研究结果表明：(1)扁刺栲在针阔混交林与次生阔叶林中,胸径快速生长期分别在a8～12和a10～14之间,生长高峰值分别出现在a10和a12,最大值分别为1．07cm和0．85cm．(2)扁刺栲在针阔混交林与次生阔叶林中,树高快速生长期分别在a6～10和a10～14之间,生长高峰值分别出现在a8和a10,最大值分别为0．55m和0．56m．(3)在针阔混交林中,16a生扁刺栲单株材积达0．0134m^3,而在次生阔叶林中只有0．0103m^3．在分析不同林分中扁刺栲生长差异及其原因的基础上,建议对次生阔叶林经营应采用动态管理．     

The Northwest Forest Plan: Origins, Components, Implementation Experience, and Suggestions for Change

Abstract:  In the 1990s the federal forests in the Pacific Northwest underwent the largest shift in management focus since their creation, from providing a sustained yield of timber to conserving biodiversity, with an emphasis on endangered species. Triggered by a legal challenge to the federal protection strategy for the Northern Spotted Owl ( Strix occidentalis caurina ), this shift was facilitated by a sequence of science assessments that culminated in the development of the Northwest Forest Plan. The plan, adopted in 1994, called for an extensive system of late-successional and riparian reserves along with some timber harvest on the intervening lands under a set of controls and safeguards. It has proven more successful in stopping actions harmful to conservation of old-growth forests and aquatic systems than in achieving restoration goals and economic and social goals. We make three suggestions that will allow the plan to achieve its goals: (1) recognize that the Northwest Forest Plan has evolved into an integrative conservation strategy, (2) conserve old-growth trees and forests wherever they occur, and (3) manage federal forests as dynamic ecosystems.     

高温和干旱对银杏光合作用、叶片中黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量的影响

为了探讨高温和干旱的相互作用对银杏(Ginkgobiloba)生长及叶内次生代谢物的影响,设干旱、高温(夜间30℃)和干旱+高温3个处理,测定了2年生银杏幼苗的生长指标、光合特性、叶片水势、气孔导度以及叶内黄酮苷和萜类内酯的含量。与对照(未经干旱或高温处理)相比,高温引起银杏叶片最大净光合速率降低,气孔导度和光补偿点增加;干旱处理后,银杏最大净光合速率、气孔导度和叶片水势均降低,但光补偿点以及叶片黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量增加,表观量子产量变化不明显。高温和干旱共同作用下,银杏光补偿点和呼吸速率增高,光饱和点显著降低,根冠干重比无统计学上显著变化,但总干重降低。上述结果说明干旱和高温降低了银杏对光的适应范围,银杏光能利用效率变低,气孔导度下降,最大净光合速率降低,呼吸作用增强,抑制了生长;干旱引起黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量增加的幅度大于高温。     

三峡库区次级河流回水区环境因子对藻类生长影响的模拟实验研究

从三峡库区次级河流139m回水区采集水样,选用L9(34)正交表进行藻类培养试验,以Chla最大浓度作为指标选择适合藻类生长的适宜条件.结果表明,当控制水样温度为20℃、光照为8000lx、活性磷酸盐和溶解无机氮浓度分别为2.86μmol·L-1、85.71μmol·L-1时藻类生长最好;磷为限制该水域藻类生长的营养元素,藻类生长氮磷元素适宜摩尔比约为30:1.在适宜生长条件下,对数期藻细胞比生长率达到1.03d-1,稳定期Chla最大浓度达到110mg·m-3.     

城市内河蓝藻复苏和生长规律研究

主要探讨城市化对城市内河蓝藻复苏和生长的影响。这些影响包括河流中营养物的升高、高等水生植物的灭绝、河水所受光照强度的变化以及由河水滞流带来的水体复氧效率降低对内河中蓝藻爆发条件的影响。通过实验我们发现金鱼藻与水网藻的存在可以在一定程度上抑制蓝藻的生长,金鱼藻的效果比水网藻更明显。适宜的光照是蓝藻大量生长的条件。对水体进行曝气复氧可以抑制蓝藻的生长。     

外生菌根真菌Xerocomus chrysenteron对DDT胁迫的耐受性及酶响应研究

在纯培养条件下,研究了外生菌根真菌红绒盖牛肝菌(Xerocomus chrysenteron)对不同浓度DDT的生长效应、耐受性和氧化酶活性,测定了在DDT浓度为80.0 mg·L^-1液体培养条件下菌种生物量积累和漆酶活性随培养时间的变化. 结果表明,不同浓度DDT处理并不会改变被试菌种的生长模式,所有处理组均为典型的Logistic增长;Xerocomus chrysenteron对DDT胁迫有很好的耐受性,其半抑制浓度可达139.75 mg·L^-1;在80.0 mg·L^-1液体培养条件下,Xerocomus chrysenteron生长正常,且36 d后培养液中DDT残留率仅为初始添加量的3.5%;在高浓度DDT胁迫下,被试菌种的漆酶和过氧化物酶活性显著增强,但液体培养条件下漆酶从第16 d开始出现,36 d后培养液中漆酶活性和比活力分别达到107.24 U·L^-1和61.77 U·g-1.外生菌根真菌Xerocomus chrysenteron通过不同方式来响应DDT胁迫,显示出生物降解甚至矿化DDT的巨大潜力.     

Modelling Replicated Weed Growth Data using Spatially-varying Growth Curves

Weed growth in agricultural fields constitutes a major deterrent to the growth of crops, often resulting in low productivity and huge losses for the farmers. Therefore, proper understanding of patterns in weed growth is vital to agricultural research. Recent advances in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) now allow geocoding of agricultural data, which enable more sophisticated spatial analysis. Our current application concerns the development of statistical models for conducting spatial analysis of growth patterns in weeds. Our data comes from an experiment conducted in Waseca, Minnesota, that recorded growth of the weed Setariaspp. We capture the spatial variation in Setaria spp. growth using spatially-varying growth curves. An added challenge is that these designs are spatially replicated, with each plot being a lattice of sub-plots. Therefore, spatial variation may exist at different resolutions – a macro level variation between the plots and micro level variation between the sub-plots nested within each plot. We develop a Bayesian hierarchical framework for this setting. Flexible classes of models result which are fitted using simulation-based methods.