鄱阳湖典型湿地地下水—河湖水转化关系

选取鄱阳湖典型洪泛湿地为研究对象,分析了2018年4~10月降水、湖水、河水和湿地地下水的氢氧同位素变化特征,利用δ¹⁸O~δD关系确定了不同水文时期湿地各类水体的转化关系,并结合同位素端元混合模型估算了不同水源对湿地地下水的贡献分量.结果表明,研究区降雨δ¹⁸O和δD值在6~7月份偏小,其余月份较高,存在明显季节变化和雨量效应.河水、湖水同位素与降水同位素的季节变化规律基本一致,但受蒸发分馏影响,重同位素更为富集,且变化幅度远小于降水同位素.湿地地下水同位素的季节变化较小,δ¹⁸O、δD均值（-5.26‰,-31.1‰）高于大气降水（-6.32‰,-40.1‰）、低于湖水（-3.60‰,-26.4‰）,与河水同位素（-5.09‰,-34.4‰）较为接近,表明湿地地下水受降水、湖水和河水的共同影响.涨水期（4~5月）河水的补给源为降雨和流域内地下径流,湖水主要受河水和降水共同补给,湿地地下水主要受前期降水和河水补给的滞后影响,河水的贡献比重更大.丰水期（6~8月）地下水主要接受湖水和河水共同补给,湖水的补给贡献比例超过50%,退水期（9~10月）湿地地下水向河道和湖泊等地表水体排泄.     

生态系统服务约束关系界定及影响机制分析

以长江经济带为研究对象,选择InVEST模型对长江经济带代表性的5种生态系统服务进行评估,根据两两配对关系原理进行约束线提取,并构建生态系统服务约束关系与影响因素相互作用模型,对其作用机制进行探究.结果表明,2000~2015年长江经济带5种生态系统服务两两间共表现出矩形型,对数型,抛物线型和驼峰型4种约束类型;7种影响因素与配对的10对约束关系间均呈弱相关性;影响因子与约束关系作用关系曲线的空间变化呈现较大差异,总体为上下波动的趋势;影响因子对约束关系的贡献程度情况各异.辐射对约束关系的平均贡献率最高,达21.43%,其中对粮食供给-生境质量的贡献率最高,为33.10%;NDVI的平均贡献率最低,为7.55%,其中对粮食供给-生境质量的贡献率最低,为5.70%;各因素间相互作用、彼此制约的关系是生态系统服务约束关系变化的内在机制.     

Factors affecting the floristic diversity and nestedness in the islets of Lake Bardawil, North Sinai, Egypt: implications for conservation

Island biogeography theory and nestedness are two relevant and important concepts in biogeography and conservation. However, their integration and application has not been examined for maintaining or maximizing species diversity, especially in arid regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the ecological mechanisms related to the observed pattern of floristic diversity and nestedness in the Lake Bardawil islets on the Mediterranean coast of Sinai Peninsula before the execution of the North Sinai Agricultural Development Project (NSADP) that will threaten the ecosystem of the lake. Plant species on 15 islets were identified and categorized into ecological groups related to their life-form, salt tolerance and succulence. Richness of total plant species and their ecological groups were positively correlated with islet area, number of habitats and elevation, and negatively with disturbance index. The temperature calculator detected highly significant nestedness for the entire flora and all ecological groups. Distance from the mainland had no effect on either species richness or nested pattern of total plant species and their ecological groups. Both the analyses of species richness and nested distribution yielded evidence for a positive species-area relationship. Although nestedness was detected for the entire plant species and their ecological groups, many species and islets exhibited idiosyncratic distribution. Idiosyncrasies could be mainly attributed to demographic stochasticity which is an important character for species interaction and diversity maintenance in arid regions. Therefore, in developing conservation strategies for the Lake Bardawil islets, it is important to incorporate spatial and temporal stability of populations.     

安技人员素质与工伤事故关系问题的探讨

以中国飞行试验研究院安全技术人员配置状况为研究对象 ,结合近 2 0年来工伤事故情况 ,从安技人员文化基础、专业知识、工作年龄、安全年限等方面 ,研究分析安技人员素质与工伤事故的关系及其规律。目的是为安技人员的素质建设以及充分发挥安技人员积极性提供有效的依据和帮助     

内分泌扰乱化学品对动物的影响和作用机制

介绍了内分泌扰乱化学品(EDCs)的作用机制及其对野生动物影响的研究进展。内分泌化学品可能与性激素受体、甲状腺素受体和其他受体(如芳烃受体)结合,也可能通过影响动物体内激素的代谢而对动物的生长发育起调控作用。各实验室的重复实验不支持环境雌激素之间存在协同作用的结论。已报道过的人体和野生动物生殖缺陷中具有充分证据的暴露-效应关系的实例为数不多。尽管野生鱼类变性是英国河流中的一个普遍现象,但进一步的实验证明污水处理场出水中的天然和合成雌激素足以引起鱼类的变性反应,而不是先前怀疑的非离子表面活性剂降解产物。目前尚不能对EDCs对人体和野生动物的健康风险作出正确评价,并有待于进一步研究。      

Surfactant-induced changes in gravity fingering of water through a light oil

Gravity-driven preferential flow (fingering) can greatly affect how one fluid displaces another in the subsurface. We have studied the internal properties of these preferential flow paths for water, with and without surfactants, infiltrating into oil saturated porous media using synchrotron X-rays, and miniature tensiometers to characterize fluid content and pressure relationships. We also used a light transmission technique to visualize overall flow pattern. Capillary pressure and water content decrease behind the front, similar to fingers in air-dry sand, with quantitative differences for five different surfactants with surface tensions ranging from 4–21 g/s². Using unstable flow theory, the finger widths, capillary pressure drops within the fingers, finger tip lengths, and finger splitting dynamics were scaled successfully with interfacial tension, fluid density, and the contact angle using the fingers in air–water systems as the reference.     

河西走廊城市化与水资源利用关系的量化研究

基于1985-2003年的统计数据,分析了河西走廊5市以及三大内陆河流域城市化水平与用水总量、用水效益、人均用水水平的定量关系,建立了它们之间关系的数学模型。结果表明,河西走廊城市化水平与用水总量呈对数增长关系,与用水效益呈线性增长关系,与人均用水水平的定量关系则较为复杂。同时,河西走廊短缺的水资源对城市化进程存在明显的约束作用,而且约束强度在水资源最为紧缺的东部地区表现最为明显;中部地区城市化的较快发展是以水资源的巨大消耗为代价的;而西部的疏勒河流域,则是城市化水平和用水效益相对较高的地区,但也是人均用水量相对较高的地区。因此,建立集约的水资源利用体系,缓解水资源对城市化进程的约束,是河西走廊各地区实施城镇化战略和西部大开发战略所面临的共同任务。     

苯甲酰苯胺类化合物溶解度和分配系数的测定及定量结构—性质相关研究

本文采用摇瓶法测定了１４各甲酰苯胺类化合物的溶解度及正辛醇／水分配系数,二者之间具有较好的相关性,应用线性溶剂化相关方法获得的相关方程,能更好地预测测苯甲酰苯胺类化合物的的水溶解度和正辛醇／水分配系数。     

Bushcricket song structure and predation by the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Therobia leonidei (Diptera: Tachinidae: Ormiini)

Males of most bushcricket species produce acoustic advertisement signals to attract females for mating. These signals can also increase conspicuousness to predators. In the genus Poecilimon (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae) males are attacked by the parasitoid fly Therobia leonidei (Diptera: Tachinidae: Ormiini) which locates males by their calls. In Greece T.leonidei parasitizes several Poecilimon species with different song structures: we examined whether host choice is related to song structure by comparing parasitism rates in two closely related Poecilimon species. One of these species produces monosyllabic songs, the songs of the other species being polysyllabic. The tachinid fly parasitized the polysyllabic species to a greater extent. We demonstrate in a field-experiment that this preference for the polysyllabic species does not depend on local adaptations of the fly. The most probable explanation for the preference of the fly for the polysyllabic singing species seems to be better detection of longer songs. This result is discussed in the context of male song evolution. Received: 4 November 1997 / Accepted after revision: 22 March 1998     

环境内分泌干扰物低剂量-效应研究进展

环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的低剂量-效应已成为生态毒理学界的研究热点.环境内分泌干扰物在接近或低于无可见不良效应浓度水平(NOAEL)时仍可诱发生物效应并存在非单调剂量-效应关系,这对现行的动物繁殖和发育毒理学检测规程以及环境内分泌干扰物风险评价的理论和方法提出了挑战.此外,由于环境中内分泌干扰物呈低剂量长期暴露的特征,研究低剂量-效应对正确进行生态风险评价具有重大的科学意义.在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,对当前环境内分泌干扰物低剂量-效应的研究进展进行了综述.