The focus of this work is on prediction of human error probabilities during the process of emergency musters on offshore oil and gas production platforms. Due to a lack of human error databases, and in particular human error data for offshore platform musters, an expert judgment technique, the Success Likelihood Index Methodology (SLIM), was adopted as a vehicle to predict human error probabilities. Three muster scenarios of varying severity (man overboard, gas release, and fire and explosion) were studied in detail. A panel of 24 judges active in the offshore oil and gas industry provided data for both the weighting and rating of six performance shaping factors. These data were subsequently processed by means of SLIM to calculate the probability of success for 18 muster actions ranging from point of muster initiator to the final actions in the temporary safe refuge (TSR). The six performance shaping factors considered in this work were stress, complexity, training, experience, event factors and atmospheric factors. 相似文献
Human urge of exploiting earth resources has resulted into unprecedented industrial development in the last century resulting into production of large quantities of hazardous chemicals. Chemical, petrochemical, nuclear, biomedical and pharmaceutical industrial accidents release large quantities of hazardous chemicals into the atmosphere. The accidental discharge during production or storage or transportation have subjected the population to be exposed to exceptionally high concentration levels of hazardous chemicals, taking them by surprise, unprepared with fatal consequences. An emergency planning organization has to be trained to combat this situation in the shortest possible time to minimize the number of causalities. The present paper focuses on computation of dispersion model, using emission source, accident location and online metrological data near to the sources, to provide necessary and accurate results swiftly. The predicted ground level concentrations with the hazardous nature of the chemical, speed and direction of plume, the emergency team will be supplied with all the information in graphical easy to grasp form, superimposed over a GIS map or the latest satellite image of the area.
The emergency team has to be trained for all past scenarios and their preparedness, response and actions must be practiced regularly to be able to abate chemical releases accidentally or intentionally.
Accidental releases of chlorine and ammonia gases in residential and industrial areas are simulated. The predicted ground level concentrations in the effected areas are shown after different time intervals. For low vapor pressure chemical, the dispersion time is large and concentration levels are low but persist for prolonged time while for volatile chemical, the concentrations are high in short time and recovering to safe environment is quick. 相似文献
Summary. Qualitative and quantitative differences among pear cultivars were found
in constitutive and Cacopsylla-induced volatiles, depending on
experimental treatment of the trees (i.e., uninfested and partly or
completely infested by psyllids). Blend differences were also found
between pear cultivars and wild-type pear, alder and hawthorn–the
latter trees are frequently present in pear orchard
hedgerows. ?Interesting differences were found in the presence of methyl
salicylate and (E,E)-α-farnesene, two compounds previously found to
mediate attraction of predatory bugs towards psyllid-infested pear
trees. Methyl salicylate is expressed constitutively and is induced
systemically by infestation in the whole plant of all four cultivars.
(E,E)-α-farnesene on the other hand showed also systemic induction in
Bartlett, NY10355 and Beurré Hardy, but in partially infested Conference
trees it was induced locally, only in herbivore-damaged leaves. No
methyl salicylate or (E,E)-α-farnesene were identified in honeydew. In
field collected headspace samples of alder leaves infested by aphids and
leaf beetles we found methyl salicylate but no (E,E)-α-farnesene,
whereas in uninfested hawthorn neither were identified. Insight in the
variability of damage-related pear volatiles will have important
implications for integrated pest management in the field.
Received 27 August 2002; accepted 28 November 2002
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Correspondence to: Petru Scutareanu, e-mail:scuterea@science.uva.nl 相似文献