Improving Environmental and Social Targeting through Adaptive Management in Mexico's Payments for Hydrological Services Program

Natural resource managers are often expected to achieve both environmental protection and economic development even when there are fundamental trade‐offs between these goals. Adaptive management provides a theoretical structure for program administrators to balance social priorities in the presence of trade‐offs and to improve conservation targeting. We used the case of Mexico's federal Payments for Hydrological Services program (PSAH) to illustrate the importance of adaptive management for improving program targeting. We documented adaptive elements of PSAH and corresponding changes in program eligibility and selection criteria. To evaluate whether these changes resulted in enrollment of lands of high environmental and social priority, we compared the environmental and social characteristics of the areas enrolled in the program with the characteristics of all forested areas in Mexico, all areas eligible for the program, and all areas submitted for application to the program. The program successfully enrolled areas of both high ecological and social priority, and over time, adaptive changes in the program's criteria for eligibility and selection led to increased enrollment of land scoring high on both dimensions. Three factors facilitated adaptive management in Mexico and are likely to be generally important for conservation managers: a supportive political environment, including financial backing and encouragement to experiment from the federal government; availability of relatively good social and environmental data; and active participation in the review process by stakeholders and outside evaluators. Mejorando los Objetivos Ambiental y Social Mediante el Manejo Adaptativo en el Programa de Pagos por Servicios Hidrológicos en México     

Territoriality,defensible space and residential burglary: An environmental analysis

Previous research on territoriality suggests that territorial intrusion is associated with particular territorial demarcations. In the present study the use of territorial displays involving symbolic barriers, actual barriers, detectability, traces and social climate is related to the territorial intrusion of residential burglary. The five classes of territorial displays were assessed for a total of 306 burglarized houses on burglarized blocks, non-burglarized houses on burglarized blocks, and non-burglarized houses on non-burglarized blocks. After the data were reduced through factor analysis, multiple regression analysis revealed that burglarized houses differed from non-burglarized houses on non-burglarized blocks on four of the five classes of territorial displays. In general, burglarized houses had salient public territorial qualities: cues of openness and unoccupied appearance. In contrast, the non-burglarized houses had salient secondary or primary territorial qualities: territorial markers communicating privacy and individuality. In addition, non-burglarized houses had greater visual contact with neighboring houses.     

关于长江水资源保护问题

通过具体的数据资料说明了目前长江水资源已遭受污染的情况,分析了长江主要被污染的河段及其污染的特性,提出了治理长江污染的原则,在此基础上提出了保护长江的策略:建立、健全水资源保护法规,加强监督管理;紧密结合流域规划和经济发展规划,制订和实施流域及重点地区的水资源保护和污染防治规划;控制岸边污染;预测污染负荷并制订预防对策;加强监测以及时发现问题;开展水资源保护重大课题的科研工作。     

试论环境行政诉讼

审理环境行政诉讼案件,既涉及实体法又涉及程序法的应用。鉴于环境污染的潜伏性、流动性、交叉性等特征,应确认环境行政诉讼专属地域管辖和共同上级指定管辖,应正确界定行政补偿与行政侵权赔偿,环境保护行政主管部门不能作为行政诉讼第三人,应对举证责任另作特别法律规定。     

人口增长必须同资源利用和环境保护相协调

我国人口众多,造成资源紧缺,环境保护压力大。因此,人口、资源、环境和发展必须互相协调、互相适应。本文为协调适应指出了三方面的解决途径。     

岷江上游半干旱区耕地生产潜力分析——以茂县静州村为例

以茂县静州村为例，从几个主要影响因素出发分析了岷江上游半干旱区耕地的生产潜力。并对生产潜力的估算及其订正系数的依据方法有的改进，运用于分析之中，结果可行。计算结果表明，静州村耕地生产潜力平均可达１２４１３．４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，目前产量仅有９０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，还大有潜力可挖。     

排污收费实用计算机程序

本文就新执行的“四川省超标排污收费管理办法”中的内容，编制了计算机ｆｏｘｂａｓｅ语言程序，专门用于排污收费工作。该技术全部采用汉字录入，操作方便，不用专门的计算机技术，使操作者一看就懂，一学就会，对强化环境执法，提高环境管理的科学化水平，提高工作效率，意义重大。     

江阴市耕地环境质量评价

江阴市在2004年对全市耕地和灌溉水的重金属等污染物质进行了较为全面的调查,通过对土壤和灌溉水进行综合污染分析,结果表明:全市90%以上的耕地污染水平为安全、清洁,符合绿色食品产地条件标准;97%以上的耕地符合或基本符合无公害蔬菜产地环境要求;受污染的耕地面积不足3%,其中,轻污染的占2.08%,重污染的占0.69%。     

燃煤火电厂废气排污费的计算方法探讨

根据《排污费征收标准管理办法》的相关规定，探讨了燃煤火电厂废气排污费的计算方法，确定燃煤火电厂需要缴纳排污费的废气污染物按照从多到少的次序依次为二氧化硫、氮氧化物和烟尘。