洞庭湖区退田还湖生态补偿机制

以洞庭湖区退田还湖的生态补偿为例,初步探讨了有关生态补偿的3个基本问题,即补偿支付者和接受者的问题,补偿强度的问题和补偿渠道的问题。     

Indicators for Chemicals: Sources,impacts and policy performance (5 pp)

Background Different types of indicators have been developed to describe the impact of chemicals on society and environment. Due to the high number of substances and their different types of use, most of these indicators are directed to specific areas of interest – regarding workplace safety, environmental health or consumer health. They address a specific subset of chemicals and can be used for monitoring enterprise-specific, national or international management measures. Main Features A survey of existing indicators for chemicals has shown that indicators already exist for a remarkable number of problem fields. As soon as the release and the environmental fate of chemicals are taken into account, the complexity of the approaches increases considerably. The distinction between indicators for drivers, pressures, state, impacts and responses, as proposed by the European Environmental Agency, supports the identification of proper indicators for a specific type of problem. Discussion and Conclusions. No single indicator exists which is able to cover the whole range of chemicals and their applications. Several indicator approaches cover at least a subset of the most relevant substances. If they are intended to be used for European monitoring, robust data must be provided by EU Member States. Chemicals in enterprises (ancillary inputs as well as process chemicals) are an important element of in-plant material flow management – in terms of occupational safety and health as well as environmental protection. Existing indicators for hazardous chemicals can be a valuable tool for process and product refinement regarding hazardous chemicals, especially for enterprises. Outlook Indicators for production and impact of chemicals, as well as policy performance indicators, are essential elements in order to monitor the management of chemicals. They have to be established for the national and for the EU level.     

直接过滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺用于城市污水二级处理出水深度处理的研究

采用砂滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在北京市某污水处理厂开展了以污水再生回用为目的的城市污水深度处理中试研究.在臭氧消耗量5 mg/L,接触时间20 min,生物活性炭空床停留时间(EBCT)为20 min的条件下,出水浊度为1.5 NTU左右,色度接近0,UV254从0.162 cm-1降低到0.08 cm-1,DOC和CODMn分别从10.1 mg/L和12.8 mg/L降低到6 mg/L左右.由于对生物活性炭柱进行了曝气供氧,NH4 -N从40 mg/L降低到5 mg/L左右.     

基于水质模型的海湾填海岸线选择

在应用水动力学模型预测海湾余流分布的前提下，讨论了深圳湾北岩填海后污染物迁移规律的一些变化，并采用水质模型分析了海湾的水质变化。根据浓度场的迭加原理，计算了各种岩线方案下海湾可利用的环境容量。通过对不同环境要求的各种岩线方案之比较，给出了协调诸要求的相对较优岸线。     

浅述复垦土地经济评价

本文对复垦土地的经济评价的意义、国内外发展现状进行了较为详细的阐述，并进行了复垦土地经济评价研究内容和方法的探讨，目的是为了完善我国的土地复垦工作中的薄弱环节。     

我国现行排污费征收办法及标准诸问题探讨

我国现行的排污费征收办法及标准存在着起征费的计征额时间界定不清、达标污水收费额高于某些超标污水的收费额，收费项目少、收费标准偏低，城市污水处理厂的排污费和监督管理不明确等一系列问题，应予以确定以增强执法的严肃性。     

煤矸石山覆盖种植对植物根系的影响

通过对阳泉矿务局9＃煤矸山种植的植物根系调查,其植物根系主要分布于覆盖层中,薄层覆盖与裸露矸石上种植的植物根系生长较深。矸石风化物中的含水量随深度增加而增多,采取“薄层覆盖复垦”有利于植物生长。     

沈阳市农田土壤农药残留水平

对沈阳市农田（水田、旱田、菜田）土壤中农药残留调查表明，禾大壮、丁草胺、敌百虫、辛硫磷、阿特拉津、乐果、氧化乐果、溴氰菊酯、１６０５残留量测定结果均低于检出限。六六六残留几何平均水平为０．０１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＤＤＴ为０．０３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ；旱田、水田六六六异构体的残留主要是β－ＢＨＣ，ＤＤＴ异构体的残留主要是ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＥ．     

南京市郊区基本农田保护区土壤重金属污染调查

为调查基本农田保护区土壤环境中重金属污染状况，江苏省农业环境监测站于1999年和2001年分别对南京市郊区基本农田土壤环境质量进行了监测，共计布设监测点14个，监项目为镉，铅，砷，汞，铬和pH，结果表明，1999年土壤样品的重金属检出率为97．1％，超标率为5．7％，2001年重金属检出率为100％，超标率为1．4％，1999年土壤样品中超标的重金属元素是镉，超标率为28．6％，2001年超标元素是汞，超标率为7．1％，1999年土壤综合污染指数为1．08，污染等级及污染水平均属轻污染；2001年土壤综合污染指数为0．76，污染等级为警戒线，污染水平达到尚清洁。     

编制验收监测方案和报告存在的问题和解决办法

指出编制验收监测方案和报告过程中,在建设项目工程概况介绍,监测内容表达,监测评价标准选定,环境管理检查内容,附件收集及排版规范方面存在的问题.提出了解决问题的办法,这有助于提高验收监测方案和报告的编制水平,更好地为环境管理服务.