基于核磁共振技术不同煤样吸附CH4实验研究

为研究CH4在高、中、低阶3种煤样(无烟煤、焦煤、长焰煤)中的吸附特性及分布规律,采用低场核磁共振技术在不同吸附时间、不同压力条件下分别进行不同煤样的吸附甲烷实验.从微观上分析时间效应、变质效应、压力效应对煤吸附CH4的影响规律及甲烷在煤上各个孔径阶段分布变化.结果表明:随着吸附时间的增大,3种煤样的吸附态T2谱振幅积...     

气相色谱法测定环境标准样品中7种苯系物

氦气作载气,选用DB—WAX毛细管色谱柱,优化柱温、柱流量、进样口温度和检测器温度等色谱参数,实现7种苯系物的快速分析。实验结果表明,通过优化色谱条件,7种苯系物在5.3m in内得到了良好的分离,标准样品的测定均值最大相对误差-1.0%,最大相对标准偏差2.5%。     

Monitoring of atrazine in milk using a rapid tube-based ELISA and validation with HPLC

Although atrazine has been banned in the European Union since 2007 it still persists in soil from where it can enter the food chain. Milk-producing animals accumulate atrazine from contaminated feed and water and since large quantities of milk and milk products are consumed its quality should be constantly monitored. The objective of this investigation was to develop a simple tube ELISA procedure suitable for use in non-specialised laboratories and in the field. A polyclonal antibody raised in sheep and the hapten-gelatine conjugate was immobilised onto polystyrene tubes. This enables the colour produced to be read on a basic spectrophotometer. Milk samples were collected from three farms in different regions of Poland and diluted before immunoassay was performed. Samples were extracted with hexane-acetone for HPLC analysis. The amount of fat in the milk samples interferes with the dose response so it essential that the standards are prepared in the same samples matrix. A good correlation between 1% and 2% was found between the two methods in the analysis of real samples. However the ELISA procedure was more sensitive that the HPLC method since atrazine was detected in some samples by the ELISA but was not confirmed by the HPLC method. The study demonstrated that the simple antigen-coated tube assay provides a cost effective and valuable screening test that can be easily modified for direct use as a screening tool in the field.     

Biomonitoring of environmental pollution by thorium and uranium in selected regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Two former uranium mines and a uranium reprocessing factory in the city of Aktau, Kazakhstan, may represent a risk of contaminating the surrounding areas by uranium and its daughter elements. One of the possible fingerprinting tools for studying the environmental contamination is using plant samples, collected in the surroundings of this city in 2007 and 2008. The distribution pattern of environmental pollution by uranium and thorium was evaluated by determining the thorium and uranium concentrations in plant samples (Artemisia austriaca) from the city of Aktau and comparing these results with those obtained for the same species of plants from an unpolluted area (town of Kurchatov). The determination of the uranium and thorium concentrations in different parts of A. austriaca plants collected from the analyzed areas demonstrated that the main contamination of the flora in areas surrounding the city of Aktau was due to dust transported by the wind from the uranium mines. The results obtained demonstrate that all the areas surrounding Aktau have a higher pollution level due to thorium and uranium than the control area (Kurchatov). A few “hot points” with high concentrations of uranium and thorium were found near the uranium reprocessing factory and the uranium mines.     

Evidence of the radioactive fallout in the center of Asia (Russia) following the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

It was recently reported that radioactive fallout due to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident was detected in environmental samples collected in the USA and Greece, which are very far away from Japan. In April-May 2011, fallout radionuclides (¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³¹I) released in the Fukushima Nuclear Accident were detected in environmental samples at the city of Krasnoyarsk (Russia), situated in the center of Asia. Similar maximum levels of ¹³¹I and ¹³⁷Cs/¹³⁴Cs and ¹³¹I/¹³⁷Cs ratios in water samples collected in Russia and Greece suggest the high-velocity movement of the radioactive contamination from the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and the global effects of this accident, similar to those caused by the Chernobyl accident.     

厦门西港及闽江口表层沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯污染物的含量及分布

参考美国EPA标准方法对厦门西港和闽江口的表层沉积物样品中持续性有机污染物PAHs、PCBs和DDTs的含量及分布进行分析和考察，并对若干污染特征及成因进行探讨,结果表明，厦门西港沉积物样品中总PAHs含量（ng/g（干重））较闽江口海域为高，其中厦门样品测值范围是425.3-1522.4，大多高于1000，推断主要来源于石油类污染；闽江口为316.8-1260.7，大多低于1000，化石燃料燃烧可能是其主要来源。PCBs和DDT的分析结果表明，PCBs并非两海域的主要污染物，其含量（ng/g（干重））测值范围是厦门西港9.72-33.72 ,闽江口8.71-30.55；DDT类含量测值（ng/g（干重））厦门西港高于闽江口，范围分别为8.61-73.70和6.17-30.70(河口高值站位为63.88，空间分布呈0近岩高于远岸趋势，同时表明，在厦门海域表层沉积物中DDD是主要降解产物，而在闽江口DDE为主要降解产物。     

硫脲紫外退色分光光度法测水中余氯

氯氧化硫脲使硫脲退色.一定条件下,硫脲紫外吸收的降低与水中余氯浓度成正比.依据这一特性建立了硫脲紫外退色分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法.在pH值为1～6介质中,选择237 nm作为测定波长,则氯浓度在0～8.0 mg/L范围服从比尔定律.检测限为O.015 mg/L,水中常见的离子不干扰测定.该法用于自来水、游泳池水等样品中余氯浓度的测定,快速简便,加标回收率在98%～103%之间.     

金属涂层石墨管对生物样品中微量镉测定的影响

本文采用金属涂层石墨管,结合使用（ＮＨ４）２ＨＰＯ４为基体改进剂及自动雾化淀积进样技术,对生物样品Ｃｄ的测定进行研究。通过实验表明,Ｔａ,Ｚｒ,Ｗ,Ｌａ等金属涂层等可提高镉的测定灵敏度和精度,有很强的抗共存离子干扰的能力,并可降低背景吸收干扰。     

Development of simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of bendiocarb in its formulations and environmental samples

Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of bendiocarb in its insecticidal formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and agriculture soil samples with prepared reagents. The method was based on alkaline hydrolysis of the bendiocarb pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of bendiocarb was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with λmaxof457 nmorcouplingwith2, 6−dibromo−4−nitroanilinetoproducearedcoloredproductwithλ_max of474~nmorcouplingwith2, 4, 6−tribromoanilinetoformorangeredcoloredproducthasaλ_max of465 nm.Underoptimalconditions, Beer'slawrangefor2, 6−dibromo−4−methylaniline(DBMA)wasfoundtobe0.6−−14.0~μgmL ^-1, 0.8−−10.0 μgmL ^-1 for2, 6−dibromo−4−nitroaniline(DBNA)and0.4−−10.0 μgmL ^-1 for2, 4, 6−tribromoaniline(TBA).Themolarabsorptivityofthecolorsystemswerefoundtobe4.126~×~10⁴ lmol ^-1 cm ^-1 forDBMA, 3.254×10⁴ l~mol ^-1 cm ^-1 forDBNAand2.812×10⁴ lmol ^-1 cm ^-1 forTBA.Sandell'softhecolorreactionsare0.018 μgcm ^-2(DBMA), 0.052 μgcm ^-2(DBNA)and0.065 μgcm ^-2$ (TBA) respectively. The effect of the non-target species on the determination of bendiocarb was studied. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agents is instantaneous and stable for 18 h, 30 h, and 12 h. Performance of the proposed methods were compared statistically in terms Student's F and t-tests with the reported methods.     

Behaviour and Quantification Studies of Terbacil and Lenacil in Environmental Samples Using Cyclic and Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry at Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode

The cyclic voltammograms of terbacil and lenacil at the hanging mercury drop electrode showed a single well defined four electron irreversible peak in universal buffer of pH 4.0 for both compounds. The peak potentials were shifted to more negative values on the increase of pH of the medium, implying the involvement of protons in the electrode reaction and that the proton transfer reaction precedes the proper electrode process. The four electron single peak may be attributed to the simultaneous reduction of carbonyl groups present in 2 and 4 in pyrimidine ring of terbacil and lenacil to the corresponding hydroxy derivative. Based on the interfacial adsorptive character of the terbacil and lenacil onto the mercury electrode surface, a simple sensitive and low cost differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure was optimized for the analysis of terbacil and lenacil. The optimal operational conditions of the proposed procedure were accumulation potential E _acc = −0.4 V, accumulation time t _acc = 80 s, scan rate = 40 mV s⁻¹, pulse amplitude = 25 mV using a universal buffer pH 4.0 as a supporting electrolyte. The linear concentration range was found to be 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.2 × 10⁻⁹ mol/l and 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ to 2.5 × 10⁻⁸ mol/l with the lower detection limit of 1.22 × 10⁻⁹ and 2.0 × 10⁻⁸ mol/l. The correlation coefficient and relative standard deviation values are found to be 0.942, 0.996, 1.64% and 1.23%, respectively, for 10 replicants. The procedure was successfully applied for determination of terbacil and lenacil in formulations, mixed formulations, environmental samples such as fruit samples and spiked water samples.