Plant matter decomposition in the upper timberline ecotone of the Polar Urals

A relatively high biological activity of soils has been revealed at the upper timberline in the Polar Urals. The role of the altitudinal gradient as a factor of destruction process has distinctly manifested itself upon comparing decomposition rates of flowering plant foliage and herbaceous plant roots in the forest and in the tundra. The qualitative composition of decomposing plant matter has also proved to play a significant role. The soil moisture regime of the ecotope is the leading factor of the destruction process.     

Preparation of antibodies and development of an enzyme immunoassay for determination of atrazine in environmental samples

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed and optimized for atrazine determination in soil at different depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) before and after 48 h of application, corn shoot and cow milk samples collected from Dina farm, Egypt. This assay was based on a specific polyclonal antibodies (PAb) raised by immunizing New Zealand rabbits with an immunogen prepared by coupling 3-{4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl} thiopropanoic acid to bovine serum albumin (BSA) via N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) active ester method. The sensitivity (estimated as IC₅₀value) was 17.5 μg mL^?1 with a detection limit of 0.1 ng mL^?1. The maximum atrazine concentration was found in soil especially in the deepest layer (325 and 890 μg kg^?1 before and after application, respectively). Atrazine concentration in corn shoot was 333.28, μg kg^?1 dry plant, while there was no detectable amount in milk. All samples screened by ELISA were validated by gas chromatography mass spectrometer procedure (GC/MS). Good correlation was achieved between the two methods (r = 0.997 for soil and 0.9814 for plant). This study demonstrates the utility and convenience of the simple, practical and cost–effective ELISA method in the laboratory for analysis of environmental samples. The method is ideal for the rapid screening of large numbers of samples in laboratories where access to GC/MS facilities, is limited or lacking.     

ArcGIS支持下的样本稀疏山区空间插值模拟探讨

样本稀疏地区空间插值法对区域化变量的精准管理具有重要意义。基于ArcGIS 90,在分析土壤属性空间分布特征的基础上,提出并构建了基于不同土壤类型的土壤特性空间预测模拟模型,对比了传统方法与改进方法空间插值精度,实现了数值插值在复杂地理环境区域的应用,得到以下结论：(1)基于经度、纬度、海拔高度及坡度等地理因子的土壤基础环境因子的空间预测模拟模型,突破以往只能描述土壤属性在水平方向变化的局限,较客观、合理地反映土壤属性随地理位置及海拔高度的立体变化特征;(2)基于不同土壤类型回归模型来增加样本点以推断评价指标在无取样地区的分布状况的处理方式具有一定的数学理论支撑,有效降低了插值误差,提高了评价精度,使评价结果更加接近现实。     

Temporal variations of concentrations of currently used pesticides in the atmosphere of Strasbourg, France

Atmospheric samples have been collected in Strasbourg between April 18 and May 29, 2007 and were analyzed for 71 current-use pesticides, of which 38 were detected. Average concentrations ranged from 0.09 ng m⁻³ for Fenarimol to 110.42 ng  m⁻³ for Dimethachlor, which was slightly higher than the concentrations reported from other, comparable agricultural regions.Significant temporal variations were observed for 30 pesticides, and for most of them it could be shown that these were linked to time, temperature or atmospheric pressure. In several cases this helped to identify pesticide application just before or at the beginning of the sampling period, or ongoing treatment. Humidity, in contrast to previous reports, could not be linked to these variations. For the other 8 pesticides, only very little temporal variations were observed. Generally, these concentrations were low (less than 1 ng m⁻³), and it was assumed that they are not in use in Alsace at present.     

Facile and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbosulfan in Formulations and Environmental Samples

Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of carbosulfan in insecticidal formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and soil samples with newly synthesized reagents. The method was based on acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the carbosulfan pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of carbosulfan was coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with λ _max of 464 nm or interaction with 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline to produce yellow colored product with λ _max of 408 nm or coupling with 2,4,6-tribromoaniline to form red colored product has a λ _max of 471 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer’s law range for 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline (DBMA) was found to be 0.2–12.0 μg ml⁻¹, 0.6–16.0 μg ml⁻¹ for 2,6-dibromo-4-nitroaniline (DBNA) and 0.4–15.0 μg ml⁻¹ for 2,4,6-tribromoaniline (TBA). The molar absorptivity of the color systems were found to be 3.112 × 10⁴ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for DBMA, 3.214 × 10⁴ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for DBNA and 3.881 × 10⁴ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for TBA. Sandell’s of the color reactions are 0.013 μg cm⁻² (DBMA), 0.012 μg cm⁻² (DBNA) and 0.011 μg cm⁻² (TBA) respectively. The effect of the non-target species on the determination of carbosulfan was studied to enhance the selectivity of the proposed methods. The formation of colored derivatives with the coupling agents is instantaneous and stable for 28, 30, and 26 h. Performance of the proposed methods were compared statistically in terms Student’s F and t-tests with the reported methods. An erratum to this article can be found at     

纳米TiO 2 -碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α -萘酚和β -萘酚

摘要：制备了一种新型的纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极,在pH值为5.57的NaAc-HAc缓冲溶液中,研究了α-萘酚和β-萘酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,据此建立了纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极伏安法测定水中α-萘酚和β-萘酚的方法。优化了试验条件,α-萘酚和β-萘酚分别在8.3×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L和7.8×10^-7mol／L—1.0×10^-5mol／L范围内,浓度与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,开路富集3min,检出限分别为3.5××10^-7mol／L和2.3×10^-7mol／L,模拟水样测定的回收率为97.6％—101％。     

酶底物法与多管发酵法和纸片法监测环境水样大肠菌群的比较

用标准菌株对比了酶底物法和多管发酵法及快速纸片法,监测分析了分组环境水样中的大肠菌群。结果表明,酶底物法操作快速、简单、结果稳定、无二次污染,能满足水质监测和应急监测的需求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中痕量元素

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对水样(地表水、饮用水等)中铜、锌、硒、砷、镉、铬、铅、铁、锰等痕量元素进行分析测定。结果表明,方法检出限为0.01~0.78μg/L,平行测定的相对标准偏差为0.6%~7.9%,实际水样加标回收率为90.5%~103%。该方法快速、简便、线性范围大,具有良好的检出限和准确度。     

改良沉淀集卵法检测固体中蛔虫卵方法研究

采用改良后的沉淀集卵法对低(10个/100 g)、中(20个/100 g)、高(40个/100 g)3种不同浓度的加标样品进行蛔虫卵检测,比较其回收率。结果表明:不同浓度加标样品的回收率为高浓度中浓度低浓度。与相关文献实验结果比较表明,该方法不仅回收率较高、稳定性较好,且在检测低浓度样品时较漂浮集卵法具有一定优势。     

对氯苯酚在水环境可吸附有机卤素监测中的应用

选用对氯苯酚固体和市售对氯苯酚标准溶液分别配制成2种可吸附有机卤素(AOX)标准溶液和标准样品进行实验.结果表明,使用对氯苯酚固体配制的AOX标准溶液,其分析曲线和带标分析结果良好,检出限为6.6μg/L,加标回收率为80.1％ ～106％;使用市售对氯苯酚标准溶液配制的AOX标准样品,其测定结果均在参考不确定度范围内...