国土空间规划“三条控制线”划定的沈阳实践与优化探索

国务院机构改革前,生态保护红线、永久基本农田、城镇开发边界三条控制线分别由国家不同部委主导划定,存在划定过程统筹协同不够、划定结果交叉重叠、实施管理困难等问题。国务院机构改革后,自然资源部负责建立国土空间规划体系,要求在资源环境城镇能力和国土空间开发适宜性评价基础上,自上而下逐级统筹划定落实三条控制线。本文总结了沈阳作为试点城市,在三条控制线划定中的矛盾冲突表现与成因,构建三条控制线与生态、农业、城镇三大空间关系,建立管控体系与调整规则,并阐释在市级权限范围内的调整优化做法。研究发现：三条控制线存在空间交叉重叠、功能难以区分的现象,主要是因为基本农田承担了限制城市空间蔓延的使命,指标不允许跨行政区调整导致部分基本农田不得不安排到城镇内部;由于概念界定不同导致部分城市公园被划入生态保护红线;生态保护红线内的部分耕地被先期划为永久基本农田。提出国土空间规划背景下三条控制线优化建议：一是突出既是政策线又是技术线的特征,自上而下和自下而上相结合划定;二是国家自上而下对基本农田调整政策和制度进行创新;三是建立事权分级管理机制,合理预留地方事权弹性。     

水库移民环境容量的理论、方法及应用

水库移民环境容量是水库移民工作中的重要理论问题。其基本理论是：人类生存条件受环境制约,移民环境容量具有可变性,影响移民环境容量的因素的质和量决定移民环境容量大小。移民环境容量分析采用宏观定性分析与微观定量分析相结合,以及动态分析,主次分析,可靠性分析等基本原则。水库移民环境容量的理论与方法,已在水库移民安置规划中得到了应用,取得了满意的效果。     

专业煤港粉尘总量控制方法的研究

在对煤港起尘源和总量进行详细调查和科学确定的基础上，研究一种实用的专业煤港粉尘总量控制的技术方法。     

流域计算机集成模型系统及其在水库流域水质规划中的应用

随着社会的发展,流域中出现了新的问题和特征,流域规划和管理越来越复杂,传统的方法和工具已不能充分满足流域规划和管理的需要．因此本文以开放复杂巨系统研究方法论为指导,提出了流域计算机集成模型系统的概念,探讨了其构成和结构．指出该系统应是专家系统、地理信息系统、遥感、全球定位系统、数据库技术、数学模拟和优化等多技术综合集成的系统．最后对其在水库流域水质规划中的应用进行了初步的探讨．     

环境污染型项目中农村移民安置规划研究--以梅城垃圾填埋场为例

在一些环境污染型工程项目中,做好农村移民的安置规划工作尤为重要。借助世行贷款项目,通过持续的实际调研,以梅城垃圾填埋场为例,介绍了项目的建设主要内容及影响。从征地补偿安置、农村住宅房屋拆迁安置及弱势群体及妇女权益保护三个方面论述了农村移民生产生活安置方式。基于此,总结出了以下四个结论：(1)严格遵守相关法律法规、(2)征迁过程与安置工作相协调、(3)合理补偿,适当调整、(4)强化机构建设和人员能力培养。并提出了四条合理化建议。     

广州市东部地区土地资源承载力研究

应用土地遥感解译图，对广州市东部地区的土地利用现状进行分析；并根据广州总体发展战略规划，进行了东部地区土地资源承载力研究。结果表明，如果2020年广州市东部地区耕地保有面积达到基本农田保护区面积。则城市发展所需的土地资源可以满足规划要求。城市发展建设应先占用那些质量较差的农用地。     

城市公共安全规划理论与方法的探讨

分析了进行城市公共安全规划研究的意义和理论基础,并对了城市公共安全规划的方法进行了探讨。     

An integrated approach: managing resources for post-disaster reconstruction

A lack of resources for post-disaster housing reconstruction significantly limits the prospects for successful recovery. Following the earthquake in Wenchuan, China, in May 2008, housing reconstruction was not immune to resource shortages and price inflation. Difficulties in sourcing materials and labour considerably impeded recovery. This paper provides evidence of the resourcing bottlenecks inherent in the post-Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction process. Its aim is to present an integrated planning framework for managing resources for post-disaster housing rebuilding. The results are drawn from in-field surveys that highlight the areas where stakeholders need to concentrate effort, including revising legislation and policy, enhancing capacity for rebuilding in the construction industry, strengthening the transportation network, restructuring market mechanisms, and incorporating environmental considerations into overall planning. Although the case study presented here is country-specific, it is hoped that the findings provide a basis for future research to identify resourcing constraints and solutions in other disaster contexts.     

Mainstreaming risk reduction in urban planning and housing: a challenge for international aid organisations

The effects of 'natural' disasters in cities can be worse than in other environments, with poor and marginalised urban communities in the developing world being most at risk. To avoid post-disaster destruction and the forced eviction of these communities, proactive and preventive urban planning, including housing, is required. This paper examines current perceptions and practices within international aid organisations regarding the existing and potential roles of urban planning as a tool for reducing disaster risk. It reveals that urban planning confronts many of the generic challenges to mainstreaming risk reduction in development planning. However, it faces additional barriers. The main reasons for the identified lack of integration of urban planning and risk reduction are, first, the marginal position of both fields within international aid organisations, and second, an incompatibility between the respective professional disciplines. To achieve better integration, a conceptual shift from conventional to non-traditional urban planning is proposed. This paper suggests related operative measures and initiatives to achieve this change.     

Ants as a Measure of Effectiveness of Habitat Conservation Planning in Southern California

Abstract: In the United States multispecies habitat conservation plans were meant to be the solution to conflicts between economic development and protection of biological diversity. Although now widely applied, questions exist concerning the scientific credibility of the conservation planning process and effectiveness of the plans. We used ants to assess performance of one of the first regional conservation plans developed in the United States, the Orange County Central‐Coastal Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP), in meeting its broader conservation objectives of biodiversity and ecosystem‐level protection. We collected pitfall data on ants for over 3 years on 172 sites established across a network of conservation lands in coastal southern California. Although recovered native ant diversity for the study area was high, site‐occupancy models indicated the invasive and ecologically disruptive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) was present at 29% of sites, and sites located within 200 m of urban and agricultural areas were more likely to have been invaded. Within invaded sites, native ants were largely displaced, and their median species richness declined by more than 60% compared with uninvaded sites. At the time of planning, 24% of the 15,133‐ha reserve system established by Orange County NCCP fell within 200 m of an urban or agricultural edge. With complete build out of lands surrounding the reserve, the proportion of the reserve system vulnerable to invasion will grow to 44%. Our data indicate that simply protecting designated areas from development is not enough. If habitat conservation plans are to fulfill their conservation promise of ecosystem‐level protection, a more‐integrated and systematic approach to the process of habitat conservation planning is needed.