多孔柔性载体在非流化状态下处理污水的效能

对自行研制的多孔柔性载体在非流化状态下,处理低浓度有机污水的效能及生物活性进行了试验,结果表明：污水经处理后,检测指标ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率８０％以上,ＢＯＤ５去除率９０％以上;多孔柔性载体表面附着生物活性较高,可作为良好的生物载体。     

不同类型降解地膜的热解特性及热动力学研究

采用差热分析 (DTA)法分析 1种普通地膜和 3种可降解地膜的组成 ,并对地膜的热解过程进行热动力学研究 .结果表明 ,4种地膜的差热曲线有许多相似 ,但也略有差异 ,说明降解膜与普通膜的基本组分相同 ,而添加组分不同 .各地膜热解的反应级数约为 0 93.各地膜热解活化能和指前因子的大小顺序均为 :普通膜 >光降解膜 >光钙型降解膜 >生物降解膜 .     

硬化路面与温度场响应模型研究

硬化路面是城市热环境效应影响因素中较为重要的一个因素.笔者在研究了深圳市城市热效应的基础上,建立了一个三维动态模型对硬化路面条件下的温度场进行模拟.通过将模型的计算结果和在深圳的实测结果进行对比,发现2条曲线吻合较好,模拟结果十分接近实测结果.模型模拟结果还证明了硬化路面由于铺筑的材料具有较大蓄热、导热的能力,而且透水性差,因此温度升降都很快,对城市的热效应贡献大;城市绿化隔离带对城市温度场具有很好的调节作用,因此合理配置城市中的绿地对城市区域微热环境的改善能够起到很好的作用.      

3种染料化合物在UV-TiO2/H2O2和UV-TiO2体系中的光催化降解研究

采用自制的TiO2膜和平板式固定床型光催化氧化反应装置,对甲基橙、茜素红和罗丹明B 3种含有不同生色基团的染料化合物进行了TiO2光催化氧化降解研究,通过对照测定降解过程中吸光度、电导率、pH的变化,分析了在加入和不加入H2O22种情况下降解过程的异同,比较了3种染料化合物脱色的难易程度,揭示了降解产物中无机离子的变化规律及某些可能的产物类型.     

上流式缺氧污泥床和好氧生物膜组合脱氮工艺的研究

将上流式颗粒污泥床(USB)用于反硝化和生物膜法用于自养硝化处理蔗糖配水和小区生活污水,反硝化污泥床去除有机物和硝态氮具有节省需好氧去除有机物的能耗的优势,同时好氧生物膜法硝化效率高。试验结果表明,当工艺进水的有机负荷小于2kgCOD/m3·d时,出水COD均小于60mg/L,好氧单元进水有机负荷和氨氮负荷分别小于13kgCOD/m3·d和09kgNH3N/m3·d时,出水氨氮小于5mg/L;COD/NO-3N是影响反硝化的关键因素,处理蔗糖配水时,COD/NO-3N大于5时反硝化脱氮完全,而COD/NO-3N为10时,生活污水作为电子供体仍然脱氮不完全;有机物含量过高导致好氧单元硝化效果降低,HRT是影响好氧单元硝化效率的主要因素,HRT缩短为15h时,氨氮去除率降低了85%左右;同时处理蔗糖配水和生活污水的反硝化菌活性相当。     

Photocatalytic degradation of the acetaminophen by nanocrystal-engineered TiO2 thin film in batch and continuous system

• Photocatalytic activity was improved in TiO₂ thin film by rapid thermal annealing. • Photoreactor was designed for TiO₂ thin film. • Considerable reusability and durability of prepared photocatalysts were studied. Un-biodegradable pharmaceuticals are one of the major growing threats in the wastewaters. In the current study, TiO₂ thin film photocatalysts were designed by nanocrystal engineering and fabricated for degradation of the acetaminophen (ACE) in a photocatalytic reaction under UV light irradiation in batch and continuous systems. The photocatalyst was prepared by sputtering and then engineered by thermal treatment (annealing at 300℃ (T300) and 650℃ (T650)). The annealing effects on the crystallinity and photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ film were completely studied; it was found that annealing at higher temperatures increases the surface roughness and grain size which are favorable for photocatalytic activity due to the reduction in the recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. For the continuous system, a flat plate reactor (FPR) was designed and manufactured. The photocatalytic performance was decreased with the increase of flow rate because the higher flow rate caused to form the thicker film of the liquid in the reactor and reduced the UV light received by photocatalyst. The reusability and durability of the samples after 6 h of photocatalytic reaction showed promising performance for the T650 sample (annealed samples in higher temperatures).     

Environmental deterioration of farmlands caused by the irrational use of agricultural technologies

Without considering the ecosystem-dependence of agricultural production, irrational use of agricultural technologies could bring only short-term economic benefits but leave long-term environmental deterioration. If some agricultural lands have to be abandoned because of these technologies such as chemical films or groundwater depletion, it will aggravate the burden of remaining lands for maintaining or enhancing production. Thus, agricultural production should be a part of public services, requiring the consideration of interests of different stakeholders and sustainability.     

软、硬煤层残余瓦斯含量区域效果检验临界值研究

针对软、硬煤层瓦斯含量区域突出危险性效检指标临界值存在较大差异这一工程实际。建立软、硬煤样相关参数关系模型,对基于残余瓦斯含量的区域防突措施效果检验指标临界值进行研究。结果表明:同一煤质软煤和硬煤瓦斯吸附量差别不大,但随着煤的变质程度降低,软、硬煤瓦斯吸附量差值先减小后增大。对存在软、硬分层的煤层,建议采用0.74MPa时软、硬煤瓦斯含量测值的小值（取整）作为煤层残余瓦斯量指标的临界值。此研究因地制宜地确定符合矿井实际的突出预测指标临界值和区域措施效果检验指标临界值,对降低防突成本具有重要意义。     

2种原煤样渗透性对比试验研究

为了研究构造煤原煤样与硬煤原煤样渗透率变化规律的异同,用三轴渗流装置对2种原煤样进行了瓦斯渗透性试验。在改变单一因素条件下,分别研究围压和瓦斯压力对2种煤样渗透性的影响,同时研究轴压加载及卸载过程中2种原煤样的渗透率变化规律。结果表明;瓦斯压力恒定时,2种煤样的渗透率都随围压的增大而减小;围压恒定时,瓦斯压力在0.2~0.6 MPa范围内,2种煤样的渗透率都随瓦斯压力增大而减小;瓦斯压力及围压同时保持恒定时,2种煤样的渗透率都随轴压增大不断减小,2种煤样在卸载阶段渗透率均不断增大,但均没有恢复到加载前的渗透率,构造煤煤样渗透率恢复率比硬煤小,说明构造煤加载过程中发生塑性破坏比例大于硬煤。     

黄土高原半干旱区覆膜玉米土壤温度的变异特征

黄土高原半干旱丘陵山区受特殊的地理、地形以及水文气象条件的影响,造成农业生产播种难、出苗率低等问题,严重制约着农业的发展,但通过覆膜坐水技术能够起到抗旱保墒、提高地温、改善土壤肥效等作用。以哲单7号玉米ZeamaysL为供试品种,在设置对比试验小区（覆膜与不覆膜）的基础上,通过分析覆膜玉米土壤温度变异特征,描述了覆膜后增温、提墒、增产的过程,研究结果表明：覆膜处理与不覆膜处理相比,增温最明显的时期出现在出苗到拔节阶段,且10cm．和20cm处的温差表现为最大,可增温2．5℃左右,而后期增温减慢,播种后覆膜增温为玉米发芽生长提供了良好的生长环境,大大提高了出苗率,为作物节水增产提供了必要条件。