溶藻细菌BS03分离、鉴定及其对塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响

从福建漳江口红树林区筛选出一株对产贝毒赤潮原因藻——塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamatense)具有强溶藻能力的细菌,命名为BS03,通过生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析对该菌株进行鉴定,并探讨了菌株BS03对塔玛亚历山大藻的溶藻特性和溶藻代谢产物的初步性质.结果发现,菌株BS03属于微泡菌属(Microbulbifer sp.)相似性达99％;对塔玛亚历山大藻的杀藻效果具有一定浓度效应,在一定浓度范围内处理浓度越高,溶藻效果越好;菌株BS03对处于不同生长时期的塔玛亚历山大藻都表现出较好的杀藻效果,其中对处于延滞期的塔玛亚历山大藻表现出最佳的杀藻效果,处理96 h后,抑藻率达98.17％;不同生长期菌株对塔玛亚历山大藻溶藻作用无明显差异;菌株BS03通过间接作用方式溶藻,所分泌的胞外活性物质的分子量小于1 kDa,耐酸碱、具热稳定性,推测为非蛋白质、非核酸和非多糖类物质.     

Impact of climate factors on cyanobacterial dynamics and their interactions with water quality in South Taihu Lake,China

Cyanobacterial bloom events in South Taihu Lake cause serious water quality problems and disturb aesthetic view of lake’s environment. In this study, correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and hydro-meteorological factors, including water quality, temperature and precipitation were investigated. Results demonstrated that South Taihu Lake was heavily affected by cyanobacteria and the proliferation of cyanobacteria due to variations in hydro-meteorological factors and water quality conditions. Water quality parameters, including COD, NH₃-N, TN and TP improved significantly since 2008 even at an elevated cyanobacterial bloom situation. Correlation analyses have shown that the development of cyanobacterial density and chlorophyll a concentration was sensitive to a wider temperature variation. The optimum temperature for cyanobacteria was 20°C, while extremely low and high temperatures were found to suppress their growth. Moreover, unusual rainfall patterns were measured during the study period (2003–2009), which showed an adverse impact on cyanobacterial development. Findings from this study suggested that seasonal lake’s water quality monitoring; suitable treatment of cyanobacterial blooms and strict policy implementation can solve the water quality issues in highly eutrophic lakes like Taihu.     

36种典型除草剂对绿藻的毒性研究

近年来,农药对生态系统的初级生产者——藻类的毒性及其生态毒理学研究引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。除草剂在生产中广泛应用,对藻类的毒性作用最强,其毒性效应远高于杀虫剂和杀菌剂。论文选择市场上具有典型代表性的36种除草剂原药,分析解读除草剂在国内的登记情况,以及在作物、旱田和水田的使用情况;明晰对藻类生长抑制急性毒性效应。结果表明:1)除草剂的作用方式和化学类别对绿藻毒性影响显著;对于抑制植物细胞分裂和作用于植物叶绿体的除草剂对绿藻毒性均较高,以人工合成植物生长素为代表的除草剂对绿藻毒性均较低;2)相同作用方式,不同化学类别的除草剂,对单一绿藻的毒性差异明显。在水稻上获得登记的除草剂对藻类毒性整体低于在旱田获得登记的除草剂对藻类的毒性。开展多种农药对水生生态毒性的研究,为农药的合理安全使用、农药在淡水环境中的生态效应评价以及保护淡水生态系统提供科学依据。     

蛋白核小球藻与DEP的相互作用

运用评价化学品对藻类毒性的标准实验方法,得出邻苯二甲酸二乙酯抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的９６ｈＥＣ５０为８０ｍｇ／Ｌ。实验结果表明,蛋白核小球藻对ＥＤＰ有明显的富集与降解作用,富集量和浓缩系数（ＢＣＦ）都在１２ｈ达到最大,分别为９．８ｍｇ／ｇ和２０５。此后富集量随时间的延长而逐渐降低,９６ｈ降到１．８ｍｇ／ｇ。ＢＣＦ在７２ｈ内也随时间的延长而逐渐减小,并在７２ｈ降到最小８０,７２ｈ以后又随时间的延长而升     

稀土元素对富营养化水体中藻类增长的影响

利用藻类生长潜力测试方法,在太湖五里湖区水样中分别添加不同浓度轻,中、重３种稀土元素、Ｇｄ（Ⅲ）、Ｙ（Ⅲ）与３种稀土混合物,研究稀土元素对富营养化水体中藻类增长的影响。     

Adaptive Management of Nonnative Species: Moving Beyond the “Either-Or” Through Experimental Pluralism

This paper develops the outlines of a pragmatic, adaptive management-based approach toward the control of invasive nonnative species (INS) through a case study of Kings Bay/Crystal River, a large artesian springs ecosystem that is one of Florida’s most important habitats for endangered West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus). Building upon recent critiques of invasion biology, principles of adaptive management, and our own interview and participant–observer research, we argue that this case study represents an example in which rigid application of invasion biology’s a␣priori imperative to minimize INS has produced counterproductive results from both an ecological and social standpoint. As such, we recommend that INS control in Kings Bay should be relaxed in conjunction with an overall program of adaptive ecosystem management that includes meaningful participation and input from non-institutional stakeholders. However, we also note that adaptive management and INS control are by no means mutually exclusive, in Kings Bay or elsewhere. Instead, we suggest that adaptive management offers a means by which INS control efforts can emerge from—and be evaluated through—ongoing scientific research and participatory dialogue about the condition of specific places, rather than non-contextual assumptions about the harmfulness of INS as a general class.     

600 m3湿式氢气贮柜燃烧爆炸伤害效应预测

建立了某动力公司600m^3易燃易爆湿式氢气贮柜燃烧爆炸事故的6种模型,给出边界条件和计算过程,提出爆炸事故伤害效应预测指标。进行燃烧爆炸事故伤害效应预测,为氢气贮柜发生燃烧爆炸事故危害性评估提供了理论依据。     

三峡库区四条支流藻类多样性评价及“水华”防治

应用多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀性指数对长江4条支流水域的藻类多样性进行了评价.比较了4条支流春、秋两季浮游藻类优势种、细胞密度和生物量等指标,对三峡蓄水后库区“水华”成因进行了初步分析.结果表明,4条支流的营养水平均属于中-富营养型,童庄河的水质最差,其次为香溪河和青干河,九畹溪的水质较好.春季硅藻的种类数多,绿藻种类数少;秋季则相反.藻类细胞密度的最高值出现在香溪河(6.036×106个/L),生物量的最高值出现在童庄河(19.997mg/L).2项指标的最低值均出现在九畹溪.在春季,童庄河还出现了拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsissp.)“水华”,并伴有较大量的小环藻(Cyclotellasp.)和卵形隐藻(Cryptomonasovata).三峡库区的水华属于季节性水华,可通过控制外源污染和增加水体流速来控制.     

助剂工业中的环境荷尔蒙问题

环境荷尔蒙是对人类健康和生态环境危害有很大的一类化学物质。介绍了环境荷尔蒙的危害、种类、特性及检测方法,阐述了助剂工业中环境荷尔蒙产生的根源及防治措施。     

高藻水中污染物氧化降解及卤代烃生成的控制

研究了O₃、ClO₂、Cl₂ 3 种氧化剂对高藻期原水中藻类、细菌、有机物的预处理效果,分析了不同氧化过程中卤代烃的形成原因及其前体物的控制效果.结果表明,O₃杀藻灭菌作用明显强于 ClO₂和 Cl₂,对 UV₂₅₄ 表征的具有共轭结构或含有芳环结构的不饱和有机物去除率较高.试验水中三氯甲烷(CHCl₃)前体物含量高达 80μg/L .与Cl₂相比,O₃、 ClO₂预氧化处理能显著地控制 CHCl₃生成,并有效地降低 CHCl₂、CCl₃ 前体物含量,二者对 CHCl₃ 生成量的影响不同.3 种预氧化方法均不会使水中 CCl₄ 含量增加.CHCl₃ 是原水预氧化后生成卤代烃的主要成分.3 种预氧化处理工艺适宜的浓度与反应时间分别为 O₃1.5mg/L、15min, ClO₂4.0mg/L、30min,.