江西农田鼠害及其防治措施

农田鼠害是江西农业生物灾害中的主要灾种之一,它具有发生面积之、造成损失重、灾情越来越严重的特点,本文在回顾了江西农田鼠发生概况的基础上,简述了农田害鼠的种类、分布、主要特征及其发生发展规律,并从自然因素和人为因素等方面分析了鼠害成灾的主要原因,最后,提出了农田鼠害的防治措施。     

成都市土壤天然放射性核素的外照射水平估算研究

利用IED22000A便携式微机多道能谱仪对成都市区土壤的天然放射性核素进行了直接就地测量,估算出天然环境放射性核素^238U、^232Th、^40K的比活度范围分别为10.37～77．19Bq／kg、17,85～225．74Bq／kg、284．83～892．67Bq／kg;外照射指数范围为0．16—0．8;离地面1m高的空气吸收剂量率均值为83．23nGy／h;1外照射年有效剂量当量为0．34～0．70mSv;等效镭浓度的变化范围是59．06-386．45Bq／kg,均值为164．15Bq／kg。各项指标均在容许范围之内,因而成都市属于外照射水平的安全区域,人居环境不受影响。     

核化危害源项反演技术现状及研究展望

源项反演对缓解和遏制核化危害源、精准预测核化危害时空传输和扩散情况、辅助作战行动和保障决策等具有十分重要的意义.本文从源项反演应用平台和源项反演关键算法(包括欧拉方法、拉格朗日方法、深度学习等)两个方面,对国内外核化危害源项反演技术的现状和二者间的差距进行了总结与分析.研究指出,利用深度学习提高反演精度和速率、从单污染...     

Prediction of thermal hazards from fireballs

Various models of fireball diameter have been evaluated by statistical techniques. The model of Gayle for fireball diameter estimation showed good agreement between the predicted and experimental data. The models relating to fireball duration, transmissivity and view factor have been selected based on their relative merits. A user interactive computer program has been developed to predict thermal hazards from fireballs in chemical process industries.     

THE FLOOD HAZARD AND DYNAMICS OF THE URBAN RESIDENTIAL LAND MARKET1

ABSTRACT: Literature on the flood hazard/residential land market relationship is full of contradictory findings, many of which are counter-intuitive to the belief that flooding has a negative impact on house prices. This research advances a conceptual framework through which these relationships might be re-examined. Based on the expected utility model, the theoretical framework integrates the economic notion of capitalization with spatial and temporal characteristics of the flood hazard. Four communities with different flood regimes are used to test the effect of flooding on the residential real estate market. Results show that, (1) there is an identifiable relationship between characteristics of the flood hazard and changes in house values; (2) the length of the recovery period is dependent on characteristics and expectations of flooding, attributes of the real estate market, and availability of capital to fuel recovery; and (3) dynamics of the urban market and spatial extent of the flood hazard influence these relationships. Further research is now necessary to examine these findings under different spatial, temporal, hydrological, and socio-economic conditions.     

论减灾效益的显现类型与减灾心理

减灾效益的获得离不开民众的参与,而其参与意识又与减灾效益的可见度有关。减灾效益越能迅速、明确地被人们见到或预见到,人们的减灾参与意识越高。在客观现实中,减灾效益的显现时间具有各种类型,而人们主观意识中“见”到的类型却又可能有质的差异。本文划分了减灾效益的显现类型并提出与论述了与其有关的一些问题,分析了其与主观意识之间的复杂关系,以及影响人们的减灾参与心理的作用机制。进而探讨了如何通过这些关系、机制的认识与把握,效益意识引导,对减灾见效时间意识的人为控制等途径提高民众的减灾参与意识与减灾效益。     

A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF FLOOD INDUCED CHANGES IN URBAN LAND VALUES1

ABSTRACT: By integrating literature from flood hazard research and urban economics a theoretical structure is developed to explain changes in residential land values following flood events. The negative aspects of the flood hazard are shown to be capitalized in the value of the property. It is further suggested that land values (i.e., capitalization) will vary both spatially across the floodplain and temporally depending on the frequency, severity and spatial characteristics of the flood event. Previous work in this area has not addressed the capitalization process explicitly and has not specifically examined the ability of the land market to recover. This may account for the contradictory findings in the published literature.     

Twenty-five years of HAZOPs

The HAZOP or hazard and operability study was developed by ICI over 25 years ago and is in wide use today throughout the world. The technique is intended to review, in a formalized manner, the design of a system such as a chemical process production plant to detect potential problems in the operation of the system. The system has been extended for use on all types of production, storage and distribution units. Experience in the use of hazard studies has lead to the development of a phased approach with three distinct design phases.     

建立我国重大事故预防控制体系之探讨

简述了我国重大工业事故发生的主要原因，提出了建立重大事故预防控制体系的建议，制定《重大事故预防和控制法》，实行重大危险源上报、登记、评价、分级监察管理，建立国家、省、市三级重大事故应急反应系统和重大危险源动态监控网络系统。