浅析化学事故应急响应专线的发展

纵观国外同类化学事故应急咨询机构30多年的发展经验,结合化学事故应急响应专线的现状,提出了扩大化学事故应急响应专线的服务范围、加强化学事故技术支持体系的建设及加强与国内外同类机构的交流与合作等发展建议。     

工作场所有害因素检测的质量控制

按照工作场所有害因素检测的环节和过程,把质量控制分为现场采样的质量控制,样品交接、流转和贮存的质量控制,实验室分析的质量控制,数据处理和报告编制的质量控制。对工作场所有害因素检测各个环节中的关键点质量控制进行了讨论,提出质量控制的具体要求。     

含砷废渣的资源化利用技术探讨

论述土法炼砷弃渣含砷固体废物处置方法,并对处置过程中的三废排放问题提出了相应的环境保护建议。     

蒙特卡罗方法在危险货物道路运输风险评价中的应用

在概率风险评价的基础上引入蒙特卡罗方法对危险货物道路运输进行风险评价.通过MATLAB软件编程对算例进行模拟试验,结果表明蒙特卡罗方法对危险货物道路运输风险评价具有有效性和合理性,能够得出更加客观的风险评价结果,增强了风险评价的科学性.     

工艺安全管理系统的适用范围——危险化学品目录及临界量的确定

从工艺安全管理（PSM）的角度,对美国、欧盟等的工艺安全管理系统适用范围的定义进行分析,结合目前国内《重大危险源辨识》中给出的部分危险化学品的临界量,以此为基础制定适合我国国情的危险化学品目录并确定各物质的临界量,提出在我国推行工艺安全管理系统的建议。     

危险化学品安全评价现状及对策

阐述了危险化学品安全评价的重要性,介绍了我国危险化学品生产企业的安全现状。详细分析了影响危险化学品生产企业安全评价有效性的各种因素,针对中国当前危险化学品安全评价中存在的主要问题,提出了改进对策措施。     

易燃、易爆危险化学品铁路运输危险性分析

从定性和定量两个方面对易燃、易爆危险化学品的铁路槽罐车运输过程和装卸过程的危险性进行分析,利用道化学火灾爆炸指数法计算易燃、易爆危险化学品铁路罐车的火灾爆炸指数,进行重大危险源辨识,并对重大危险源的概念进行了理论探讨,提出移动式重大危险源的概念。     

The method for leakage detection of urban natural gas pipeline based on the improved ITA and ALO

To solve the problems of the difficulty in early leakage monitoring and larger positioning error for urban hazardous chemicals pipelines, the optimized method based on the improved Inverse Transient Analysis (ITA) and Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) was proposed. Firstly, based on the obtained experiment's results of leakage of natural gas in the non-metallic pipeline, the segment classification method was incorporated into the pressure gradient calculation. The modified method can adapt to the multi-node characteristics of urban pipe networks and help to obtain the preliminary positioning calculation results after optimization. Then the calculation results were embedded in the ITA calculation model. The input parameters of the gas pipeline such as boundary conditions, leakage rate and friction coefficient were used to establish the characteristic linear equations. Then the objective function of the least-squares criterion was defined, and the improved ITA model suitable for leakage detection of urban natural gas pipeline networks was constructed. Finally, the ALO was used to optimize the calculation process of the improved ITA model, and iteratively optimize the optimal friction coefficient and its corresponding minimum objective function (OF) value. As a result, a more precise location of the leakage source was calculated. The validation of the modified method is conducted by comparing the calculated values with the experiment's results. The results show that the method can accurately predict the location where the pipeline leakage occurs. The minimum error is 3.17%. Compared with the traditional ITA, this method not only accelerates the convergence speed of the objective function, but also improves the accuracy of location calculation.     

排桩几何参数对其隔振半径的影响试验研究

通过室外试验的方法、从二维角度入手并将排桩参数与瑞利波波长建立联系研究了几何参数变化时隔振半径的变化。结果表明:单排桩可取得整体性的隔振特点,并且隔振效果最佳的区域在桩后较近的距离;桩长增加可使其隔振效果提升且隔振半径随桩长与波长比值的增加而增加,当桩长与波长比值小于0.320时,隔振半径为0;随比值增加到0.820左右,隔振半径增加到约0.680 m。桩间距的增加可使其隔振效果变差,隔振半径随桩间距与波长比值增加而降低,当比值达到0.300~0.430时,隔振半径长度降为0。振源距离增加可使得排桩隔振效果增强,而隔振半径随振源距与波长比值增加而增加,当比值在0.165~0.305的范围内时,隔振半径为0;随比值增加到0.808左右,隔振半径的长度增加到约0.512 m。     

Corporate occupational exposure limits: An example of a strategy

Occupational exposure limits (OELs) developed by authorities play a key role in the implementation of programs to protect workers against hazardous chemicals. Unfortunately, many hazardous substances do not have OELs or the OEL could be outdated. To assure the health of the workers, it is therefore useful for companies to develop corporate OELs. An inhouse strategy will be presented hereafter. Expertise in toxicology, industrial hygiene, and occupational health should be available within the company and clear selection criteria for substances are needed. A corporate OEL is only developed for hazardous substances (e.g., carcinogenic or reprotoxic) with a high potential for worker exposure when an appropriate national OEL or threshold limit value is not available. The methodology to calculate corporate OELs is based on the existing methods for national or community OELs and also on the guidance from the European Union's (EU) regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). For carcinogenic substances with a nonthreshold mode of action, there is always a residual chance that a cancer develops even when the exposure of workers is low. To establish an OEL for these substances, the “German traffic light model” is recommended. It is pragmatic, defines an unacceptable, tolerable, and acceptable risk level when workers are exposed to these substances, and determines risk management for exposure reduction. Overall, the professional practice to develop OELs is a good example of corporate leadership to proactively protect the health of workers.