长波紫外线对M13mp2噬菌体的致突变作用

以野生型大肠菌CSH50及mutM缺陷的大肠菌MF67为宿主,检测了长波紫外线（UVA）对M13mp2噬菌体单链DNAlacZα基因区域的致突变能力。结果显示,UVA照射可引起噬菌体lacZα基因区域的突变,在mutM缺陷的宿主中,UVA照射的致突变作用更明显。进一步研究了抗氧化剂甘露醇对UVA照射致突变作用的影响,结果显示,0.1mol/L的甘露醇可以部分拮抗UVA的致突变作用。说明UVA照射具有致突变作用,这种作用可能与DNA的氧化损伤有关     

环境犯罪的构成要件

环境犯罪是一种新的犯罪类型,其构成要件有自己的特点,与传统犯罪构成要件有很大不同。本文对此进行了探讨,并提出了自己的观点。首先,在环境犯罪中,犯罪主体有自然人和法人两种;其次,大多数环境犯罪是过失犯罪,其过失将依据这样一个标准来确定,即行为人是否采取了有效防治措施以力图避免损害结果的发生,如果没有,应认定过失成立;再次,环境犯罪之客观要件主要指犯罪行为以及犯罪行为与危害后果的因果联系。在确定犯罪行为时,利益衡量原则将起非常重要的作用。鉴于具体、明确的因果联系难以证明,因果关系必须采用推定因果关系的原则确定。     

长江岳阳段水环境健康风险评价

为研究长江岳阳段水环境污染对人体健康产生的危害风险,根据2008-2012年长江岳阳段水质监测数据,采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型,对长江岳阳段通过饮用水途径引起的水环境健康风险进行了评价。结果表明:总健康风险在1.64×10-5~2.25×10-5a-1之间,平均为1.91×10-5a-1,均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平5×10-5a-1,对照水环境健康风险等级划分标准,长江岳阳段水环境健康风险为较低健康风险;化学致癌物质健康风险AsCd、平水期丰水期枯水期,非致癌物质健康风险氟化物CuNH3-NZn、枯水期丰水期平水期;总健康风险主要来自化学致癌物质,其中As为主要风险污染物,因此化学致癌物质尤其是As应作为风险决策管理的重点对象。     

Water quality indices appraisal and health risk assessment of nitrate,mercury and lead in water distribution network: A case study of Robat Karim in Tehran,Iran

Groundwater is a basic source of drinking water supply for urban and rural areas. This is especially the case for communities located in arid and semi-arid regions that rely on groundwater for drinking purposes. The present study set out to assess the potential health impacts of water impurities and to investigate the qualitative status of drinking water in Robat Karim rural areas, located in southwest Tehran, Iran. A total of 66 samples were collected from the water distribution network of 11 villages (33 sampling points, on two occasions) during September 2020 and were tested in terms of the most common quality parameters such as pH, mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chloride (Cl^–), chlorate (ClO₃^–), nitrite (NO₂^–), nitrate (NO₃^–), and flouride (F^–). Multiple methods and indexes including water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI), were worked out to assess the quality of water and health risk assessment of NO₃^– Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺. The results revealed that 33% and 90% of sampling sites have significantly high nitrate and total hardness (TH) concentrations, exceeding the maximum permissible limits set by World Health Organization (WHO; 50 and 200 mg/L, respectively). Furthermore, five sampling points exhibited poor WQIs mainly related to NO₃^– and TH. HQ values higher than 1 for nitrate were noticed in most sampling locations. Except for one sampling point, the HQ obtained for Pb²⁺ and Hg²⁺ were below 1 indicating no obvious health hazard. This study represents that children and infants are at higher risk of chronic toxicity by excess NO₃^– intake. The health hazard that is yet imposed on the community by NO₃^– necessitates regular monitoring of drinking water, the use of advanced technologies to purify water or otherwise alternative resources should be proposed.     

Quantification,characteristics, and distribution of microplastics released from waste burning furnaces and their associated health impacts

Although investigation of microplastics (MPs) present in air environment has been intensively carried out, quantification, characteristics, and distribution of MPs released from the waste burning furnace (WBF) has been missing in literature. The aim of this study was to characterize the presence of MPs released from WBFs and analyze their associated health impacts. The examined locations were at two WBFs (nominated as TPS1 and TPS2) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. MPs were collected using a 9 cm diameter glass beaker for a period of 8 h at two different sampling points, which are 3 and 15 m from each WBF. Several characteristics of MPs in terms of the number of particles, size, shape, color, and polymer type were comprehensively characterized. This study found that the obtained MPs were of fiber type and in the range of 46–77 and 41–59 particles at TPS1 and TPS2, respectively. In general, the polymer types of MPs were, respectively, cellophane and polytetrafluoroethylene at TPS1 and TPS2. Moreover, it was estimated that about 1.9–2.3 MPs can enter the human body via inhalation. This study offers a pilot examination of MPs released from WBF and findings from this study are crucial to provide new knowledge as a basis to carefully regulate the use of WBF particularly that are located closely to local community.     

中国居民饮用水镉暴露非致癌风险的年龄分层权重

饮水是人体镉(Cd)暴露的重要途径,为了定量表征中国居民饮用水镉暴露风险,通过文献调研收集我国3类主要饮用水类型的镉浓度数据.利用回归模型获得不同年龄段人群饮水暴露参数分布模式.基于概率方法评价不同水体和不同人群由于饮用水镉暴露造成的非致癌风险.结果发现,3种类型水体镉浓度存在显著差异.自来水、未处理的地下水和地表水源...     

一种基于改进的一致性算法数据融合技术

在重大工程结构健康监测中,随着研究对象复杂程度的提高,往往需要获得大量观测数据才能对结构进行有效的评估,因此采用多种或多个传感器进行测量已成为必然趋势。数据融合技术就是将多个传感器的测量结果进行综合处理,从而得出比单个传感器更为准确可靠的结果。本文基于一致性算法,提出一种改进的多传感器数据融合技术,该数据融合技术属于数据级融合,它克服了一致性算法中两传感器在测量精度不同时置信距离不同的缺点,并对支持矩阵进行模糊化处理,避免了人为定义阈值而产生的主观误差。文中通过算例,验证了此方法可获得较好的结果,并且能够有效地减小由于扰动因素造成的测量数据的变化。     

基于小波包分析的框架结构损伤识别

损伤将引起结构动力特性和动力响应的变化,反过来,可以通过结构动力性能或动力响应的变化识别结构损伤,但它们对结构局部损伤并不十分敏感。而小波包分析具有优越的时-频局部化性能,可以在时—频域以任意精度进行信号分析。本文在小波包分析基础上,提出了基于小波包分析的损伤检测和识别方法:首先将结构响应信号分解为小波包组分,然后通过考察各组分小波信号的变化情况识别损伤。该方法仅利用结构响应数据识别损伤,实测方便,计算简单,并通过3层钢框架结构的模型试验成功地识别出损伤时刻和损伤位置,验证了其可行性。