大沽夹河生态健康的生物学评价

通过背景资料调查、野外采样、实验室分析与鉴定,获得大沽夹河流域23个采样点的物理、化学和生物学指标数据.采用全部采样点数据的95th(或5th)百分位标准化指标数据,利用简单加和法计算综合指数,并根据参考点综合指数的25th百分位划分生态健康级别,评价各采样点生态健康.结果表明:底栖大型无脊椎动物是河流生态健康最综合的指示器,但其特征不能准确指示水质现状;利用采样点数据百分位进行指数标准化和生态健康级别划分,可体现评价标准的区域性特征;评价结果显示,大沽夹河生态健康不佳.      

长江大保护下健康长江指数研究——以泰州市为例

自党的十八大以来,生态文明地位提到历史新高度,习近平总书记对长江经济带发展提出"共抓大保护,不搞大开发"时代新基调.在此背景下,长江的开发与保护行动模式成为经济社会高质量发展的重要样板.根据此背景要求明确长江健康的内涵,并对其健康状况、存在问题进行评估分析十分必要,也是流域规划管理的重要支撑和行动方向.本文基于长江大保...     

有效实施测量持续改进体系绩效

本文通过广泛探讨和研究HSE管理体系在企业各个层面运作过程中遇到的问题、不足以及取得的经验，归纳出一种能够持续改进体系绩效的方法和手段，即：分解HSE目标、分别确定测量指标和标准，从管理(整体)和作业(局部)两个层面有效实施测量，拓展HSE体系运作空间。     

南京公园降尘中重金属污染水平及风险评价

分析了南京10个公园大气降尘中重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量,利用地积累指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和美国EPA健康风险评价方法进行重金属污染水平、生态风险和健康风险的评价.结果表明,重金属污染水平较高的有燕子矶公园、大桥公园和莫愁湖公园.与其他部分城市如长春、武汉和北京相比,南京市公园降尘中的重金属含量偏高.地积累指数评价结果表明,Pb处于中度污染水平,Zn和Cu均处于中度至严重污染水平,而Cd处于严重至极度污染水平.Cd的生态风险水平为很强生态风险.健康风险评价结果显示,各重金属均不存在非致癌风险.Cd、Cr和Ni均不存在致癌风险(风险值10~(-6)),As的致癌风险在10~(-6)~10~(-4)之间,存在一定的致癌风险,但是在可接受范围之内.     

Characterization of metal doped-titanium dioxide and behaviors on photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides

A series of nanosized ion-doped TiO_2 catalysts with different ion content(between 0.1 at.% and 1.0 at.%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method and investigated with respect to their behavior for UV photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide.The catalytic activity was correlated with structural,electronic and surface examinations of the catalysts using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy disperse spectrometer (EDS)and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques.An enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was observed for Zn~(2 ) doping catalyst ranged from 0.1 at.% to 1.0 at.% which was attributed to the lengthened lifetime of electrons and holes.The improvement in photocatalytic activity could be also observed with the low doping concentration of Cr~(3 )(0.1 at.%). However,the doping of Fe~(3 ),Mo~(6 ),Mn~(2 ) and the high doping concentration of Cr~(3 ) had no contribution to photocatalytic activity of nitric oxide.     

Environmental pollution by persistent toxic substances and health risk in an industrial area of China

Soil is an important environmental medium that is closely associated with humans and their health. Despite this, very few studies have measured toxicants in soils, and associated them with health risks in humans. An assessment of health effects from exposure to contaminants in soils surrounding industrial areas of chemical production and storage is important. This article aims at determining pollution characteristics of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in an industrial area in China to unravel the relationship between soil pollution by PTS and human health. One hundred and five soil samples were collected and 742 questionnaires were handed out to residents living in and around an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in Northern China. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in soil. Mann-Whitney U and binary multivariate nonconditional logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between health indicators of local residents and contaminant levels. Odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for health incidences were also calculated. The average concentrations of DDT (73.9 ng/g), HCH (654 ng/g) and PAHs (1225 ng/g) were relatively high in the industrial area. Residents living in the chemical industry parks were exposed to a higher levels of PTS than those living outside the chemical industry parks. This exposure was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.12–30.06), stomach cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.26– 13.41), dermatitis (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05–2.80), gastroenteritis (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.94–2.68), and pneumonia (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.58–1.89).     

开封市幼儿园地表灰尘重金属积累及健康风险

在开封市采集31个幼儿园的地表灰尘样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(F-AAS)分别测定其＞0.25 mm、0.25～0.15 mm、＜0.15 mm和多粒级混合样品的Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu和Ni含量,应用EF法和HI法探讨了灰尘重金属富集特征和针对幼儿的健康风险.结果表明:灰尘Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu和Cr平均含量分别为...     

一种城市生态系统健康评价方法及其应用

利用集对分析方法,将评价城市生态系统健康状况的多个指标系统合成一个与最优评价集的相对贴近度,用来描述城市生态系统健康状况.运用集对分析方法,以北京、大连、上海、武汉、厦门、广州等城市为例,对1995～2003年间的城市生态系统健康进行了评价.结果表明,不同时期各城市生态系统健康状况排序有所变化,但厦门和广州一直名列前茅.此外,对北京1992～2003年间城市生态系统健康状况的变化情况进行了具体分析,结果显示,北京城市生态系统健康状况随着时间的推移而不断改善.     

改革开放40年来生态环境监管执法的回顾与展望

改革开放40年来,我国生态环境监管执法体系经历了从无到有,从以排污收费为核心内容,到以改善生态环境质量为根本目的,再到更加注重保护执法相对人合法权利的变迁和跨越。总体而言,环境监管执法队伍在全国各级政府不断建立,环境监管相关之事权与权责更加明晰,环境监管执法能力不断强化,环境行政管理体制不断理顺,环境法律制度体系更加优化,环境治理之主体和手段更加多元。     

土壤环境质量管理体系构建的战略思考

经过数十年的努力,国家土壤环境质量管理体系正在从无到有,从弱到强,从偏到正,在国家环境质量管理体系中的地位越来越显著。在土壤环境质量管理体系中,土壤环境质量是体系的决策核心和实现目标,是衡量实施力度和保障措施的直接标尺;政府主导、企业担责、公众参与、市场调节是土壤环境质量管理体系的组织执行主体,共同开启了"四元共治"的局面;法律完善、风险管控、高效实施、强力监管、科技应用是实现土壤环境质量改善、土壤环境质量体系完善的保障手段。本文旨在根据土壤环境质量保护历程和基础理论,从决策核心、执行主体、保障手段三个层面提出了土壤环境质量管理体系的建设构想,在新的形势下,土壤环境质量管理体系的构建更需要统筹规划和创新设计。