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821.
Paul L. Ringold Barry Mulder Jim Alegria Raymond L. Czaplewski Tim Tolle Kelly Burnett 《Environmental management》1999,23(2):179-192
adaptive monitoring design. Adaptive monitoring design is an iterative process that refines the specifications for monitoring over time as a result of
experience in implementing a monitoring program, assessing results, and interacting with users. An adaptive design therefore
facilitates ecosystem management. We also discuss lessons of temporal and spatial scales raised by the consideration of a
design for ecosystem management. Three additional issues—integration of information from different sources, institutional
infrastructure, and the roles of individuals working in an interagency setting—are also identified, but not developed in detail. 相似文献
822.
Eduardo Soto-Galera Joel Paulo-Maya Eugenia López-López José Angel Serna-Hernández John Lyons 《Environmental management》1999,24(1):133-140
Chirostoma charari and C. compressum, and they are presumed extinct. Twelve (63%) of the remaining species had declines in distribution. Sixteen (80%) of the 20
localities sampled had lost species. The greatest declines occurred in Lago de Cuitzeo proper and in the lower portion of
the Río Grande de Morelia watershed. Species losses from the lake were attributable to drying and hypereutrophication of the
lake because of substantial reductions in the amount and quality of tributary inputs, whereas losses from the Río Grande de
Morelia watershed were the result of pollution from agricultural, municipal, and industrial sources, especially in the region
around the city of Morelia. Three localities in the upper portion of the Río Grande de Morelia watershed—Cointzio reservoir,
La Mintzita spring, and Insurgente Morelos stream—contained most of the remaining fish species diversity in the basin and
deserve additional protection. Fish faunal changes indicated major declines in the health of aquatic ecosystems in the Morelia–Cuitzeo
basin. 相似文献
823.
本文报告了川江上游核排污水环境中90 Sr 的监测结果。表明:90 Sr 在河水和底泥中的含量与排污距离密切相关,在不同水生物种之间的蓄积分布有显著性差异,其中底泥和含钙高的生物对90 Sr 有较强的浓集作用。所以,选用指示性物种能提高90 Sr 监测灵敏度,是核污染监测的较好方法。 相似文献
824.
详细、全面地阐述了废水监测工作系统应具备的基本条件和设施及各个环节之间的协调配合关系,指出了该系统管理中应注意的主要问题。 相似文献
825.
通过用氧化铝柱层析和等梯度呷醇:水=85%:15%)反相高效液相色谱(C18硅烷柱)紫外检测器254nm,测定30多种油品和我国海洋环境油类样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs),建立了溢油PAHs模糊指数结果表明,油类PAHs响应因子和相对保留值的变异系数分别在8.4%-16.5%和0.00%-5.4%之间,回收率在74.6%-111.2%之间,精密度和准确度较好;海洋环境油类的多环芳烃模糊指数值(0.00383-0.01839)与润滑油类的值(0.00106-0.00942)接近,较石油及其它产品油的值(0.06983-1.00000)低;用润滑油类作为标准油,PAHs模糊指数作为溢油芳烃类监测的指示物(指标),可提高监测海洋环境油类的代表性和可靠性 相似文献
826.
827.
提出将单项污染物测值反映的信息量表示为相对重要性和将单项污染物的相对重要性综合为多项污染物的综合相对重要性的计算公式。根据测点信息的综合相对重要性,再用主成分子集合选择法优化选点。该方法不仅减少了计算量,也易于确定多项污染物的综合优化点。该方法用于贵阳市大气环境测点优选出的测点能反映该市的环境质量。 相似文献
828.
Gerald Spindler Konrad Müller Hartmut Herrmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):89-94
Aerosol filter samples have been collected nearby the industrialised basin of Leipzig in Saxony (Germany) at the research station Melpitz of the Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. (IfT). Time series (1992–1998) and a three year comparison (1995–1997) of two different aerosol filter sampling systems, the Sierra-Andersen-PM 10 high volume sampler (daily sample, PM 10 inlet) and the Rupprecht and Patashnik Co. Inc. Model Partisol 2000 (weekly sample, PM 10 and PM 2.5 inlet) are presented and discussed. The comparison of the different sampling systems and strategies yields small differences between the daily and weekly samples for mass and different ions, which may be influenced by sampling duration and flow rates. A general trend of change in aerosol composition was observed: Soot and Sulphate concentrations decreased whereas Nitrate and Ammonium concentrations increased. During summers the mass of coarse particles is higher than in other seasons. One reason could be found in the occurence of longer periods of dry ground surfaces enabling reemission of crustal and biological material. The time series have been integrated in a longer historical aerosol mass trend for Saxony and do show a good agreement. Since 1990 a significant downward trend in gravimetric mass concentration was found. 相似文献
829.
Organic residue decomposition: The minicontainer-system a multifunctional tool in decomposition studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerhard Eisenbeis Ralf Lenz Thomas Heiber 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(4):220-224
The Minicontainer-test, first described by Eisenbeis (1993), was designed to study the kinetics of organic residue decomposition
at a microsite level. It is derived from the litterbag technique and consists of polyethylene minicontainers (volume about
1.5 cm3) filled with a test substrate (litter, straw, cellulose, etc.). The minicontainers (MCs) are closed at either end with plastic
gauze discs of variable mesh size (e.g. 20 μm, 250 μm, 500 μm or 2 mm). A definite number of such units are inserted into
PVC-bars, which can be implanted into the soil horizontally or vertically, or be exposed on the soil surface horizontally.
The bars are very stable and can be exposed in different environments for months to years. If required, the bars can be removed
temporarily and stored, e.g. during soil cultivation. Should fresh litter be used, two phases of decomposition can be distinguished:
a fast initial phase, which can be mainly related to the effect of leaching, and a second slow phase depending mainly on the
activity of soil organisms and litter quality. Several questions can be addressed to investigations using MCs, e.g. 1) parts
of the soil fauna which are involved in decomposition (nematodes, microarthropods, and smaller specimens of the macrofauna,
e.g. enchytraeidae, diplopods and dipteran larvae) can be extracted from the litter substrate using a miniscale high gradient
extractor, 2) the organic mass loss of litter can be determined, 3) microbial biomass (Cmic, Nmic) can be assessed by fumigation extraction and 4) microbial activity (respiration) in the test substrate can also be assessed
by use of standardised methods. Compared to litterbag studies, the larger number of small replicate units improves the statistical
evaluation. Until today the Minicontainer-test has been applied in forestry and agriculture, e.g. studying the effects of
liming, soil restoration and the application of insecticides, e.g. Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) and Btk (Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki). 相似文献
830.
Ozone measurements along vertical transects in the Alps 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Herbert Werner Manfred Kirchner Gerhard Welzl Markus Hangartner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):83-87
To investigate the vertical profiles of air pollutants in the boundary layer, aircraft and balloon-born measurements and measurements
using a cable car as an instrument platform have been performed in different parts of the Alps. This on-line monitoring of
atmospheric pollutants requires expensive and sophisticated techniques. In order to control ambient air quality in remote
regions, where no infrastructure like power supply is available, simple instruments are required. The objective of this study,
which was coordinated and evaluated by the GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit was first, to investigate the vertical
distribution of ozone in different parts of the Alps and secondly, in addition to continuous analyser measurements, to test
monitoring by means of two types of passive samplers. The selection of these samplers — one for one week use and another one
for two week application — was based on a passive sampler intercomparison done in a preliminary study one year earlier. 相似文献