南通市生态环境遥感监测及其动态变化研究

应用遥感技术对南通市生态环境进行监测,利用GIS技术对遥感监测结果进行解译与分析,同时对2006-2009年南通市生态环境时空动态变化进行了分析与评价.结果表明,南通市生态环境类型以耕地、水域和城乡、工矿、居民用地为主,未利用土地面积极小.其生态环境动态变化的主要特点是耕地面积普遍有小幅度减少,以城镇建设用地为主的城乡、工矿、居民用地增加较多,林地面积无明显变化;未利用土地面积有所减少,以盐碱地面积减少为主,减少的面积主要用于耕地和建设用地.     

青岛市开展重金属废水自动监测工作探索

简述了青岛市开展重金属自动监测的要求与现状,分析了开展重金属自动监测的优势与存在问题,在介绍青岛市相关工作对策和措施的同时,对重金属废水自动监测系统建设、设备选型、监控平台建设、运行维护管理等提出建议。     

徐州市辐射环境质量现状分析

按照江苏省辐射环境质量监测实施方案,徐州市对大气、水、土壤进行了布点监测,通过分析2007—2011年辐射环境监测数据,得出结论为:徐州市辐射环境整体质量为良好,且相对稳定,在未来几年内,仍将保持良好的状态。     

环境监测能力建设与仪器支撑

在总结我国环境监测技术和仪器发展的基础上,从"十二五"环境监测工作发展的需要,阐明了我国环境监测技术和监测仪器存在的问题以及未来的发展趋势。     

试析加强环境监测、监察业务联动的意义、内容和措施

环境监察和环境监测是环境保护工作的重要组成部分,监察体现了环保工作的权威性,监测则保证了环保工作的科学性。全面论述加强环境监察监测联动的重要意义,从思想和技术方面探讨加强环境监察监测联动的可行方法,对如何建立科学的环境监察与环境监测联动机制,快速、准确查处环保违法行为具有一定的指导意义。     

Assessing health impacts in complex eco-epidemiological settings in the humid tropics: Modular baseline health surveys

The quantitative assessment of health impacts has been identified as a crucial feature for realising the full potential of health impact assessment (HIA). In settings where demographic and health data are notoriously scarce, but there is a broad range of ascertainable ecological, environmental, epidemiological and socioeconomic information, a diverse toolkit of data collection strategies becomes relevant for the mainly small-area impacts of interest. We present a modular, cross-sectional baseline health survey study design, which has been developed for HIA of industrial development projects in the humid tropics. The modular nature of our toolkit allows our methodology to be readily adapted to the prevailing eco-epidemiological characteristics of a given project setting. Central to our design is a broad set of key performance indicators, covering a multiplicity of health outcomes and determinants at different levels and scales. We present experience and key findings from our modular baseline health survey methodology employed in 14 selected sentinel sites within an iron ore mining project in the Republic of Guinea. We argue that our methodology is a generic example of rapid evidence assembly in difficult-to-reach localities, where improvement of the predictive validity of the assessment and establishment of a benchmark for longitudinal monitoring of project impacts and mitigation efforts is needed.     

Canine toys and training devices as sources of exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A: Quantitation of chemicals in leachate and in vitro screening for endocrine activity

Chewing and mouthing behaviors exhibited by pet dogs are likely to lead to oral exposures to a variety of environmental chemicals. Products intended for chewing and mouthing uses include toys and training devices that are often made of plastics. The goal of the current study was to determine if a subset of phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), endocrine disrupting chemicals commonly found in plastics, leach out of dog toys and training devices (bumpers) into synthetic canine saliva. In vitro assays were used to screen leachates for endocrine activity. Bumper leachates were dominated by di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and BPA, with concentrations reaching low μg mL⁻¹ following short immersions in synthetic saliva. Simulated chewing of bumpers during immersion in synthetic saliva increased concentrations of phthalates and BPA as compared to new bumpers, while outdoor storage had variable effects on concentrations (increased DEHP; decreased BPA). Toys leached substantially lower concentrations of phthalates and BPA, with the exception of one toy which leached considerable amounts of diethyl phthalate. In vitro assays indicated anti-androgenic activity of bumper leachates, and estrogenic activity of both bumper and toy leachates. These results confirm that toys and training devices are potential sources of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in pet dogs.     

Development and application of LC–APCI–MS method for biomonitoring of animal and human exposure to imidacloprid

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a relatively new neuro-active neonicotinoid insecticide and nowadays one of the largest selling insecticides worldwide. In the present study a LC–APCI–MS based method was developed and validated for the quantification of imidacloprid and its main metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CINA) in urine and hair specimens. The method was tested in biomonitoring of intentionally exposed animals and subsequently applied for biomonitoring of Cretan urban and rural population.     

A Call for Urgent Monitoring of Food and Water Security Based on Relevant Indicators for the Arctic

This perspective paper argues for an urgent need to monitor a set of 12 concrete, measurable indicators of food and water security in the Arctic over time. Such a quantitative indicator approach may be viewed as representing a reductionist rather than a holistic perspective, but is nevertheless necessary for actually knowing what reality aspects to monitor in order to accurately understand, quantify, and be able to project critical changes to food and water security of both indigenous and non-indigenous people in the Arctic. More relevant indicators may be developed in the future, taking us further toward reconciliation between reductionist and holistic approaches to change assessment and understanding. However, the potential of such further development to improved holistic change assessment is not an argument not to urgently start to monitor and quantify the changes in food and water security indicators that are immediately available and adequate for the Arctic context.