混合动力汽车尾气余热回收系统的研究

针对尾气余热能量浪费问题,建立了某直列四缸汽油机尾气余热回收发电的系统模型。通过B.T米特罗欣的数学分析法和涡轮特征曲线快速匹配到适合的涡轮机,然后根据涡轮特征曲线对高速发电机进行了匹配。以满足国Ⅴ标准的NEDC工况为参考,对整个系统进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该系统能够实现尾气余热能量的回收,在市区和市郊平均分别可以回收能量1 k W和1.5 k W,市郊最高可达1.8 k W。     

The role of interactions between individual animals in the response to heat stress in the freshwater crustacean <Emphasis Type="Italic">Daphnia magna</Emphasis>

The thermal resistance of Daphnia magna Straus is a trait depending on the interaction between individuals. The group effect is expressed in D. magna as both a decrease in thermal resistance and a marked individual differentiation with respect to thermal resistance. Two types of interactions between individual D. magna have been found: (1) the release of an unidentified factor decreasing thermal resistance (without noticeably changing the phenotypic variability of this trait) into the medium and (2) a decrease in the thermal resistance of individuals poorly adapted to heat stress, with the thermal resistance of well-adapted individuals (determined by the dependence of thermal resistance on interactions between individuals) remaining the same or even slightly increasing.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 2, 2005, pp. 126–131.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Kalinnikova, Krasnoperova, T. Gainutdinov, Sadykova, M. Gainutdinov.     

北方地区农村清洁取暖技术适用性评价—以北京为例

为了切实改善区域大气环境质量,中国在北方地区大规模开展以煤改电、煤改气为主的农村清洁取暖改造工程,如何选择技术可行、经济上可接受的清洁取暖技术路径是清洁取暖改造可持续的关键问题。基于北京农村地区实地调研数据,从经济性和舒适性2个维度对4种农村清洁取暖技术进行适用性评价,总结出各种技术的适用条件,提出农村清洁取暖技术路径选择建议。结果表明：空气源热泵运行费用较低,舒适性较好,适合冬季温度不低于−20 ℃的各类区域;燃气壁挂炉运行费用略高于空气源热泵,舒适性较好,适合距离燃气管线或燃气站较近的平原、半山区地区,不同气候温度范围均适用;蓄能式电暖器运行费用较高,舒适性较差,适合冬季温度接近于城区的农村或城乡接合部、农宅面积较小的区域;地源热泵取暖最好结合政府资金支持项目实施,运行费用较低,舒适性较好,适合地质结构适宜建井,有足够空间进行地埋管的区域。建议农村清洁取暖工作立足长远,因地制宜地选择清洁取暖技术,着力降低农户清洁取暖运行成本,同时提高农村清洁取暖电力和天然气供应的可靠性。

     

自然通风排热量的近似计算法

采用“假设密闭绝热空间法”,计算工业厂房的自然通风排热量。实践证明,此方法是可行的。     

城市热岛效应下浅层土中混凝土的酸腐蚀试验研究

针对城市热岛效应引起城区浅层土地温场升高这一观测结果,采用室内快速模拟试验方法,对城区酸性土壤腐蚀混凝土材料的温度效应开展了试验研究.试验研究了在温度为5℃、20℃和40℃条件下,混凝土试样在酸浓度分别为0%、5%和10%的沙土介质中放置30 d、90 d后的抗压强度变化规律,并对混凝土试样在腐蚀过程中的腐蚀系数变化规...     

Flicker Test as a Load Measurement During the Combined Effect of Heat and Noise

This study was a joint physiological and psychological experiment undertaken to determine changes in physiological and psychological human functions under the combined influence of heat, noise, and physical activity. Seven experimental situations were simulated in a climatic chamber with different configurations of three independent variables: heat (40 °C), noise (98 dB), and physical effort (30% of maximum volume of oxygen uptake—V0₂ max). Five psychological variables (critical flicker fusion—CFF, hand tremor, reaction time, subjective climate evaluation, and subjective evaluation of the given condition load) and two physiological variables (heart rate and rectal temperature) were monitored. Results indicate that CFF changed (increased) significantly when more than one experimental variable was applied. These changes coincided with significant changes in both subjective climate evaluation and subjective evaluation of a given condition load. There were no significant changes in psychomotor functions (hand tremor and reaction time). None of the observed physiological parameters were above the critical value. The results suggest that CFF can be treated as a psychophysical load indicator.     

针对供热系统的安全节能自控系统设计与开发

针对供热系统存在的水力失衡、能耗高、故障多、事故风险大等问题,分析了系统中的主要能耗环节和危险性,提出了安全节能自控系统的结构,详细研究和分析了主系统和子系统的工作原理及节能机制,设计开发了集实时智能自动监控、预警报警、故障诊断、数据管理、安全分析等功能于一体的安全节能自控系统。所开发系统的工程示范应用表明达到了一定程度的节能降耗、安全稳定和经济运行的良好效果。     

黑箱加速大气暴露试验热强化效应和相关性研究

利用温湿度测量仪监测黑箱内的温湿度变化,分析黑箱自然加速试验装置的热强化效应。以3种不同配方的丙烯酸涂料为试验对象,在江津地区高温高湿环境下开展了黑箱加速大气暴露试验和朝南45°角大气暴露试验,从模拟性和加速性2个方面研究了2种试验方法的相关性。分析结果表明,黑箱加速大气暴露试验方法与朝南45°角大气暴露试验方法之间的相关性相当高。     

热媒炉导热油的清洗与更换

对热媒炉导热油系统结垢的原因进行分析.介绍了热媒炉导热油系统清洗的方法,比较各种清洗方法的异同.对清洗更换导热油时的注意事项进行说明,对试运情况及取样化验数据进行分析.     

太阳热反射涂料的研制

根据涂料反射太阳热的原理,以丙烯酸树脂为基料,以金红石型钛白粉、云母粉及空心玻璃微珠为原料,制备了隔热性能和耐候性能均良好的太阳热反射隔热涂料,并研究了颜料、填料种类、粒径、涂层厚度对涂料隔热性能的影响。