新疆南疆部分地面饮用水的致突变性研究

饮用水的致突变性和潜在致癌危害是环境科学研究的重要内容,新疆南疆地区,除少数城市居民饮用自来水外,绝大多数农垦、牧区均以当地的河水、泉水和涝坝水等地面水为主要的饮用水源。为了解这些饮用水的致突变和潜在致癌危害,我们特在枯水季节,从具有代表性的塔什库尔干县某地的泉水(下称泉水)、河水(下称河水)、疏勒县城的深井     

半导体生产排放的废气和废水中砷、磷、硫的分析方法研究

研究了一种快速、灵敏、可靠的高温氢还原-气相色谱分析方法[1-2]，并自行设计了高温还原系统(还原炉、六通阀等)，测定半导体生产排放废气和废水中的砷、磷、硫及其化合物，样品不需预处理，使气相色谱仪能直接测定固、液、气相样品中砷、磷、硫及其化合物的含量。砷、磷、硫的检测限分别为0．01mg／L、0．003mg／L、0．02mg／L；相对标准偏差分别为6．2％、8．6％和0．3％，与经典方法进行对比，结果基本一致。从分析方法的误差统计角度，也说明该方法准确、可靠。     

固定化荧光假单胞菌降解阴离子表面活性剂的研究

用海藻酸钠法包埋适冷性微生物荧光假单胞菌株AIS-11,并用于处理阴离子表面活性剂废水,所有实验均在批式反应器中进行。以L_9(3~4)正交试验确定了其对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的最佳包埋条件,并且对游离细胞和固定化菌体的降解过程进行了动力学分析和比较。结果表明,固定化珠体能将吸附和生物催化过程有机地耦联起来,有效地提高了阴离子表面活性剂的降解速率,将底物最大利用速度(mg/L·h)从游离细胞的5.75(SDS)和5.12(SDBS)分别提高至22.89和25.14。     

室内空气中甲醛和苯系物检测与净化

通过对哈尔滨市装饰装修竣工一年内的60户室内空气污染物检测分析,结果表明:室内空气甲醛超标64.1%,苯超标54.1%,甲苯超标35.6%,二甲苯超标30.6%.采用臭氧法,光催化氧化法和药剂法三种方法对室内空气污染物甲醛和苯进行净化效果实验研究,评价其净化效果,比较了三种方法的优劣.     

南通市一次连续空气污染过程的气象特征分析

文章对2005年11月22日至12月2日南通市及邻近地区出现的大范围、长时间连续空气污染过程的天气形势和主要气象要素进行了分析。结果表明：大型稳定性高压伴随而来的稳定层结和小风速，导致大气污染物难于扩散，是这次空气污染过程的主要原因；弱冷空气无法改变大气稳定层结，难于结束空气污染状态；随着强冷空气到来，大气环流形势改变，空气质量改善。     

Cu／A1-Ce-PILC在丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应中的失活研究

采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联黏土A1-Ce-PILC，经SO4^2-改性后，以浸渍法制备了铜基交联黏土催化剂Cu／A1-Ce-PILC，并将其应用于C3H6选择性催化还原NO的反应，350℃时NO转化率达到最大值56％，700℃时下降至22％．为探究催化剂高温失活的原因，采用XPS、TPR、TGA、Py-IR和DSC对反应前后催化剂的物化性能进行了表征．结果表明，经过H2预处理活化后活性组分Cu物种以Cu^＋形式存在，而高温反应后Cu物种除以Cu^＋和Cu^2＋ 2种形式存在外，还出现了少量CuO物种；高温反应过程中A1-Ce-PILC上结构羟基和SO4^2-流失导致催化剂表面酸性减弱；此外，还存在表面积炭覆盖了部分活性中心并堵塞了催化剂孔道的现象．这三者的共同影响促进了C3H6深度氧化，抑制了NO还原，从而导致催化剂的失活．     

氧化铝厂1100m2自然循环蒸发器制造技术

蒸发是氧化铝生产一道非常重要的工序，蒸发器为其主要设备，中国铝业集团河南分公司共有1100m^2自然循环蒸发器21台，均已进入大修更换周期，为了保证制造质量及投产后的安全运行，对蒸发器制造工艺相关技术进行探讨。     

锅炉房工艺设计中确定煤场面积的一种方法

本文以管理科学的库存理论为基础，以提高经济效益为目的，提出了一种全新的锅炉房煤场面积确定方法。     

Effect of soil solids concentration in batch tests on the partition coefficients of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil materials

 The effect of the soil solids concentration in batch tests on the measured values of the partition coefficient (K _p) of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil material was investigated. Since this study was based on the results of batch and column tests conducted independently, there were limitations to the conclusions derived. The organic compounds tested were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, and p-xylene. The results of this study showed that as soil solids concentrations increased, the measured K _p values of these organic compounds strongly decreased. The observed values of K _p stabilized when the soil solids concentration was above a certain value. Typical K _p values obtained from batch tests conducted under high soil solids concentrations were close to those obtained from column tests. It was concluded that the K _p values of organic compounds measured under low soil solids concentrations, i.e., less than 100 g/l, may not correctly simulate the field situation. Consequently, the values of K _p obtained with low soil solids concentrations can result in an overestimation of the retardation factor of the landfill liner material. Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 25, 2002     

Annual and Diurnal Wind Patterns in the City of São Paulo

The major topographic, mesoscale, and urban influences on the wind patterns of the City of São Paulo are characterized using one year of surface wind velocity data observed at 11 surface stations within its urban limits. The data was used to study the diurnal and annual variations of wind velocity and horizontal wind divergence within the city. Results showed that the circulation over the investigated area is dominated by three major factors: sea breeze; mountain-valley circulations; and urban effects, such as roughness, building-barrier, and urban heat island. The sea breeze was found to be the dominant feature of the monthly-averaged diurnal variation of São Paulo surface winds during the eight warmest months of the year. The sea breeze front induces a velocity minimum at the time of its passage and a post-frontal afternoon velocity maximum. Mountain-valley thermal effects on the flow can be seen in the temporal divergence/convergence patterns. These thermal effects tend to be more important during colder months, at night, and when the wind velocities are low. Nighttime downslope convergent flows are present over the city during winter and spring and daytime upslope divergent flows are present over the city during summer months.