实施集中供热 改善城区空气环境质量

近几年大、中城市的环境空气质量得到了较大改善，但随着县级城镇的发展扩大．其城区内由于采用燃煤锅炉分散供暖，烟尘、二氧化硫超标排放，造成城镇冬季空气污染严重。实行集中供热，取缔城区的小燃煤锅炉．是改善城区环境空气质量的根本途径。     

温湿度和光强对水泥基材料负载纳米TiO2光催化氧化氮氧化物的影响

研究了路面水泥基材料负载纳米TiO2光催化氧化汽车尾气中氮氧化物过程中湿度、温度和光强对催化反应的影响．试验和分析结果表明，光催化氧化效率随湿度增加而急剧下降；当NO2浓度较低时，光辐照强度对光催化氧化效率的影响不显；NO2浓度较高时，随着光辐照强度的增强，光催化氧化效率呈现出上升趋势，在太阳光的照射下或在室内较弱紫外光照射下都具有良好的光催化氧化作用．在0～25℃的温度范围内，光催化氧化效率随温度升高而提高，而在25～60℃范围内温度的影响并不显。     

Trophic attributes of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus barbarus (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae) in the mangrove swamps of Imo River Estuary,Nigeria

Aspects of the trophic attributes of the mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus occurring in the mangrove swamps of Imo River　Estuary, Nigeria, were investigated during a 12-month period (April, 1992-March, 1993). Feeding intensity increased with size, it was　higher in the dry season(November-April) than in the wet season(May-October), monthly changes in the indices of feeding intensity were　significantly correlated. Major food objects comprised detritus and benthic algae; crustaceans, insects, macrophyte matter and sand grains were minor food objects while fish, molluscs, Chilopoda, nematodes and fungi were unconsciously devoured objects. Diet varied seasonally; algae and sesarmid crabs were generally more in the dry season than during the rains whereas FPOM and fish increased in the wet over dry season.The mudskipper display a high degree of euryphagy and can be considered as a generalist and an omnivore. The lower trophic status of P.barbarus qualifies it as a good aquaculture candidate. Food richness was higher in big-sized class(BSC) than small-sized class(SSC). Sizebased and seasonal variations were not apparent in food richness. Diet breadth was higher in the BSC than the SSC, there was dry season increase in diet breadth.     

2013～2017年江苏省人为源氨排放清单的建立及特征

根据江苏省各类氨排放源活动水平数据,采用合理的清单测算方法和排放因子,建立了2013～2017年江苏省人为源氨排放清单,对其历年来人为源氨排放量的变化趋势进行分析.利用Arc GIS软件对江苏省人为源氨排放量及排放强度的分布特征进行分析.结果表明,江苏省的氨排放量由2013年的624. 84 kt减少至2017年的562. 47 kt,年均下降率约为2. 6%.农业源一直是江苏省最主要的氨排放源,2017年时占江苏省氨排放总量的82. 4%;蛋鸡是畜禽养殖源中最大的氨排放源,占畜禽源氨排放量的49. 3%. 2017年江苏省氨平均排放强度为5. 3 t·km~(-2),其中盐城市和徐州市是江苏省人为源氨排放量和排放强度最大的两个城市,镇江市的氨排放量和排放强度最小.     

板材弯曲最小相对弯曲半径计算方法探讨

板材在弯曲过程中,外表面的切向拉伸变形程度最大,当外表面的变形程度超过极限变形程度时,板料就会破裂。板料弯曲时的极限变形程度可用最小相对弯曲半径来描述。通过对板料弯曲变形应力应变分析,提出了几种近似计算最小相对弯曲半径的方法。     

δ-MnO2 decorated layered double oxides in-situ grown on nickel foam towards electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane

Energy-saving and efficient monolithic catalysts are hotspots of catalytic purification of industrial gaseous pollutants. Here, we have developed an electrothermal catalytic mode, in which the ignition temperature required for the reaction is provided by Joule heat generated when the current flows through the catalyst. In this paper, Mn/NiAl/NF, Mn/NiFe/NF and Mn/NF metal-based monolithic catalysts were prepared using nickel foam (NF) as the carrier for thermal and electrothermal catalysis of n-heptane. The results indicated that Mn-based monolithic catalysts exhibit high activity in thermal and electrothermal catalysis. Mn/NiFe/NF achieve conversion of n-heptane more than 99% in electrothermal catalysis under a direct-current (DC) power of 6 W, and energy-saving is 54% compared with thermal catalysis. In addition, the results indicated that the introduction of NiAl (or NiFe) greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of Mn/NF, which attributed to the higher specific surface area, Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺, Ni³⁺/Ni²⁺, adsorbed oxygen species (O_ads)/lattice oxygen species (O_latt), redox performance of the catalyst. Electrothermal catalytic activity was significantly higher than thermal catalytic activity before complete conversion, which may be related to electronic effects. Besides, Mn/NiFe/NF has good cyclic and long-term stability in electrothermal catalysis. This paper provided a theoretical basis for applying electrothermal catalysis in the field of VOCs elimination.     

天然水体的酸碱缓冲模型及其应用方法

提出了一种反映水体pH变化的基本缓冲模型(微分方程型)。将不同类型天然水体的缓冲强度函数代入基本模型,即得到实际可用的各种具体缓冲模型。水体缓冲强度是pH的函数,可通过一种由热力学平衡关系和限定条件组成的多元方程组求出。缓冲模型没有解析解,但可应用微分方程的数值解法,通过计算机给出结果。     

Gold mining in Australia: linking historical trends and environmental and resource sustainability

The mining of gold has been and continues to be an important aspect of Australian industry. Gold mining moved quickly from fossicking and alluvial sources in the 1850's to hard rock mining. This paper presents, arguably for the first time, a detailed historical compilation of Australian gold mining production data. This data is then analysed in the context of sustainability, focussing particularly on mineral resource sustainability and the broader aspects of environmental impacts now commonly reported by some mining companies in annual sustainability performance reports. The key trends which are demonstrated by the data include a long-term decline in ore grade, increased open cut mining, substantive increases in tailings and waste rock production, as well as showing the impact of new technologies and economics on available gold resources. The available environmental data on material and energy inputs to and pollutant emissions from gold production is also presented, showing a clear sensitivity to ore grade. In terms of sustainability, these relationships raise significant issues such as increasing greenhouse footprint per unit gold produced, potential impacts on energy and water consumption, as well as overall gold resource sustainability. The paper presents a unique case study of the resource and environmental sustainability of the Australian gold mining sector with major implications for sustainability policy and reporting.     

热水供暖系统中氧腐蚀的原因、危害及除氧措施

文中分析了热水供暖系统中的氧腐蚀机理,指出了氧腐蚀的危害性,介绍了热水供暖系统中的几种除氧方式.     

Partitioning of resources in production: an empirical analysis

Industrial economies ingest materials, energy and information to produce goods and services and excrete wastes and emissions. Wastes can be minimized and the relative amounts of resources, which go into goods and services, as opposed to waste, are essential to clean production and to the sustainability of the production system. A regression model based on empirical data is presented that provides a partition coefficient expressing the ratio of energy (or material) resources invested in goods to energy going to waste. Partition coefficients are developed for five countries and are shown to be related to GDP, energy and material consumption and energy and waste intensities. Higher partition coefficients mean higher productivity and lower energy, waste and material intensities. In addition, energy use/capita and pollution/capita is lower. The price of energy to the industrial sector is related to the partition coefficient. The policy implications are that partitioning of resources to goods should be maximized and waste minimized for economic as well as environmental reasons.