Analysis of ingredient and heating value of municipal solid waste

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭＳＷｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓｖａｒｉｏｕｓｗａｓｔｅｓｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓｄａｉｌｙｌｉｆｅａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ.Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓｌｉｆｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＭＳＷｉｓｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇａｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｂａｆｆｌｉｎｇｅｖｅｒｙｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ(Ｓｉｎｏ ＵＮ ,1999) .Ｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｈａｎｄｌｉｎｇ ,ＭＳＷｍａｙｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙｔｈｒｅａｔｅｎｐｅｏｐｌ…     

煤矿矸石热电厂低真空供热的环境效益

着重讨论了小型凝汽式汽轮发电机组低真空供热及运行的几个问题。实践证明,利用小型发电厂低真空供热运行方式采暖,具有很高的经济效益和环境效益。     

Intersexual plasticity in aspects of the biology of the mudskipper Periophthalmus barbarus (Gobhdae) in the mangrove swamps of IMO Estuary, Nigeria

Between April 1992 and March 1993,intersexual plasticity in aspects of the biology of the mudskipper,Periophthalmus barbarus was studied.Sec was differentiated on the basis of the genital papillae,it was broader in females than males.Sexually active females were slightly heavier than similarly-sized males.Sex ratio was strongly female-biased.Length-weight relationship of the sexes was isometric.There was no significant difference in the feeding intensity of both sexes;uniformity was also apparent in diet breadth.There was no named sex-based difference in hepatosometic index but condition index was higher in males than females.the uniformity in intersexual plasticity of P.barbarus is consequent upon homogeneity of the mangrove ecosystem,which can only be altered anthropogenically.     

不同光照度下南方鲇稚鱼的摄食强度及摄食动力学

在10^3-10^-1lx光照度范围内，南方鲇稚鱼对团鲂鱼苗的摄食强度随光照度减弱而增强，在10^9lx时达最大值，随后下降，摄食率在开始摄食后10min，光照强度为10^0lx时最同，并随摄食时间延长而下降。     

三江平原典型湿地冷湿效应的初步研究

在三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站内选择3种群落(毛果苔草-狭叶甜茅-漂筏苔草群落，狭叶甜茅-漂筏苔草群落，小叶樟群落)，在各群落内分别选取一种主要建群种，测定湿地植被的蒸腾强度，计算出群落范围内湿地植被的增湿降温效应，即冷湿效应。研究结果表明，湿地冷湿效应与湿地植被类型有关，3种植被中漂筏苔草的冷湿作用最大，其次为小叶樟，毛果苔草最小。这是因为漂筏苔草是典型的湿地植被，生长于多水环境中，其增湿降温作用较明显。湿地植被冷湿效应与湿地面积大小有一定的相关关系，湿地植被面积越大，其冷湿作用越强，并且多种植被的相互作用可以加强湿地的冷湿作用。     

电磁线包磁场对慢波系统电子光学特性的影响

利用电磁场软件模拟了行波管电磁线包磁场,以及在电磁线包磁场作用下电子注在慢波系统中的运动特性.模拟发现:随着边缘电子注入射慢波系统角度的增大,维持电子注在慢波系统内作螺旋运动所需的磁感应强度也增大;磁感应强度的大小主要影响慢波系统中心区域的电流密度,对边缘区域的影响很小;电子注主要其中于中心区域运动,其电流密度随半径增大呈指数减小.图4,表2,参5.     

Consensus among females in their choice of males in the guppy Poecilia reticulata

We studied female guppies from two populations (Trinidad and Jemez Springs, New Mexico) to determine their mating preferences, the degree of consensus among females for particular male phenotypes, and the variation among females for the types of traits they prefer. We recorded the visual responses of 68 Trinidad and 10 Jemez females in paired male trials. The three sexually-selected male traits quantified were the area of orange color and iridescence on the body, and display behavior. Females from the Trinidad population agreed in their choice of males in three of the eight replicates, and this agreement was based on display rate rather than male color patterns. Females from the Jemez population showed no agreement in their preferences of males. Mating preferences of females varied both between populations and among females of a population. In both populations, female preferences were based primarily on courtship intensity and only secondarily on color pattern. However, females from both populations differed in the relative importance of orange color and iridescence. The fact that females differ in criteria for evaluating males has important implications for selection and maintenance of color polymorphisms and for the interactions among multiple secondary sexual traits of males in the guppy. Received: 5 December 1995/Accepted after revision: 7 June 1996     

高压旋喷注浆法在缺陷桩基处理中应用的一般原则

桩基础施工中有时难免存在着某种缺陷，本文介绍采用气举清渣，高压旋喷注浆法进行补强加固处理，落钻段注浆固结体胶结良好，密实，与桩砼及桩底基岩胶结紧密，增加了桩体强度，达到了补强目的，能确保建筑物安全。     

Reside0ntial solar water heating as a potential Clean Development Mechanism project: A South African case study

A community-based Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project – asolar water heating project in a low-income community in South Africa –is analysed to illustrate the methodological and policy challenges that faceimplementation of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change. We evaluate four baseline options, andthree potential CDM interventions. The emissions reductions range from –670 to +5 929 Mg CO₂ per year, with all option but oneshowing positive emission reductions. Using metered solar water heatingwith liquefied petroleum gas back-up as the CDM intervention, and electricstorage geysers as the baseline, the annual emissions reductions are 5686 Mg CO₂. The cost-effectiveness from the national perspective,which is the incremental life cycle costs divided by the lifetime emissionsreductions, is –$18 per Mg CO₂ From the perspective of theCDM investor, however, the cost-effectiveness is $5.2 per mgCO₂, assuming that the investor receives all of the carbon credits forproviding the incremental capital investment. From our analysis, weconclude that using the current technology (kerosene stoves) as a baselineis probably not appropriate because it does not reflect likely future trendsand also penalises the community for their poverty and current lack ofinfrastructure. We also highlight the importance of credit sharing, and howit affects the cost-effectiveness of the project from the CDM investor'sperspective. The lessons from this analysis are important for the currentinternational policy debate on how to preferentially treat small-scale CDMprojects.     

中国水足迹强度空间关联格局及影响因素分析

水资源短缺已成为制约经济社会发展的重要因素,科学审视水资源利用现状、探索水资源可持续发展的有效动力具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于水足迹视角分别测算2006-2015年中国31个省域的水足迹强度,利用探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）对其时空格局演变特征进行解析,考虑到该方法空间描述的粗略性,通过引入时空跃迁测度法进行细化,并借助空间杜宾模型探讨其影响因素。结果表明：中国水足迹强度空间集聚效应显著且具有跃迁性,但主要以类型Ⅵ为主,其空间结构具有一定的路径依赖特征;人口数量仍然是当前中国水足迹强度的一个主要驱动因子,而城镇化率和对外开放程度则对降低水足迹强度起积极作用;中国水足迹强度存在“倒N型”的Kuznets曲线,且大部分省份水足迹强度处于第一个拐点与第二个拐点之间,北京、天津、上海等区域已越过第二个拐点,处于水足迹强度下降阶段,而部分西部欠发达地区仍未跨越第一个拐点。