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691.
The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. 相似文献
692.
Comparative study of heavy metal and pathogenic bacterial contamination in
sludge and manure in biogas and non-biogas swine farms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phitsanu Tulayakul Alongkot Boonsoongnern Suwicha Kasemsuwan Srisamai Wiriyaramp Juree Pankumnoe Suwanna Tippayaluck Hathairad Hananantachai RatchaneekornMingkhwan Ramnaree Netvichian Sutha Khaodhiar 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):991-997
The objective of this study is to determine and compare the heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) and bacterial (E. coli, coliform and
Salmonella spp.) contamination between swine farms utilizing biogas and non-biogas systems in the central part of Thailand. Results
showed that average levels of E. coli, coliform, BOD, COD, Zn, Cu and Pb in sludge from the post-biogas pond were higher than the
standard limits. Moreover, the levels of E. coli, coliform, Cd and Pb were also higher than the standard limits for dry manure. The levels
of E. coli, coliform and BOD on biogas farms were lower than on non-biogas farms. Following isolation of Salmonella spp:; it was
found that Salmonella serovars Rissen was the most abundant at 18.46% (12/65), followed by Anatum 12.31% (8/65), and Kedougou
9.23% (6/65). The pathogenic strains of Salmonella serovars Paratyphi B var. java and Typhimurium were present in equal amounts at
4.62% (3/65) in samples from all swine farms. This study revealed that significant reduction in E. coli and coliform levels in sludge
from covered lagoon biogas systems on swine farms. The presence of Salmonella as well as Cd and Pb, in significant amount in dry
manure, suggests that there is a high probability of environmental contamination if it is used for agricultural purposes. Thus, careful
waste and manure disposal from swine farms and the regular monitoring of wastewater is strongly recommended to ensure the safety
of humans, other animals and the environment. 相似文献
693.
Achour Terbouche Chafia Ait Ramdane-Terbouche Didier Hauchar Safia Djebbar 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(7):1095-1103
The adsorption capacities of new humic acids isolated from Yakouren forest (YHA) and Sahara (Tamenrasset: THA) soils (Algeria)
and commercial humic acid (PFHA) on polyaniline emeraldine base (PEB) were studied at pH 6.6. Also the adsorption of heavy
metals such as Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on humic acid-polyaniline systems (HA-PEB) was investigated at the same conditions. HA-PEB
compounds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometry and cavity microelectrode. In addition,
batch adsorption and cavity microelectrode were used in the adsorption study of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB. To develop biocaptors
of polluting metals using a cavity microelectrode modified by HA-PEB systems, the adsorption kinetic and adsorption capacity were
investigated. The SEM analysis showed that the presence of humic acid affected the PEB surface and caused the formation of a
granular morphology. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of PFHA, THA and YHA determined by adsorption isotherms were
91.31, 132.1 and 151.0 mg/g, respectively. Batch adsorption results showed that qmax of Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ on HA-PEB followed
the order: THA-PEB > YHA-PEB > PFHA-PEB. The voltammograms obtained with HA-PEB modified cavity microelectrode showed
the appearance of new redox couples reflecting the adsorption of HA on PEB. Metal-humic acid-polyaniline voltammograms were
characterized by appearance of oxidation-reduction couples or reduction wave corresponding to metal. Finally, the result may be
exploited to develop a biocaptor based on the cavity microelectrode amended by THA-PEB and YHA-PEB. 相似文献
694.
在突发环境污染事件和区域生态风险筛查中迫切需要环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术手段。环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术有电化学方法和生物学方法。电化学检测方法主要是阳极溶出伏安法(AnodicStripping Voltammetry,ASV),可以同时检测多种重金属离子,有标准化认证的产品,但是检测成本相对较高。随着纳米粒子技术(Nanoparticles,NPs)和石英微天平分析技术(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)的引入,ASV法的检测成本将不断降低;生物检测方法包括免疫检测(Immunoassay,IA)和功能DNA(Functional DNA)检测技术。重金属离子的免疫检测技术样品通量大,检测成本低,已经广泛用于食品行业,其中汞离子的免疫检测方法已经成为环境样品标准检测方法之一。免疫检测传感器技术将拓展重金属离子的快速检测的应用空间。功能DNA传感器检测的研究为重金属离子的快速检测提供了新的技术手段,但是这些仅限于实验室研究,还没有达到实际应用的水平。 相似文献
695.
696.
697.
698.
699.
土壤重金属污染的生物修复技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着城市化和工业化的加速,土壤的重金属污染问题日趋严重。生物修复技术作为一种环境友好型治理措施越来越受到关注,其主体主要包括植物修复、动物修复以及微生物修复。文章首先综述了生物修复土壤重金属污染的机理及其研究进展,其中植物修复包括降解、提取、挥发、根系钝化以及固定等,而微生物修复机理主要包括生物富集、生物吸着以及生物转化;其次分析了生物修复技术的局限性,如超富集植物积累重金属的单一性,植物的生长速度慢、积累效率低、适应性弱,微生物的种间拮抗作用等;最后对其发展前景提出展望,认为通过加强国际交流,重视多学科的交叉应用,以及合理配置人才与资源等措施,有利于突破技术瓶颈,发展出更具应用价值的复合修复技术。 相似文献
700.
采用《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法—水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)对工业固体烧渣中重金属进行浸出试验研究,并利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定了其浸出液中的铅、铬、锌、镉、铜、铁和镍等7种重金属,用可见分光光度法测定砷,考察了模拟酸雨的pH值、液固比和浸取时间等因素对烧渣中重金属的浸出试验的影响,实验结果表明烧渣中各重金属的浸出值均未超出国家标准《危险废物鉴别标准—浸出毒性鉴别》(GB5085.3-2007)中的允许值,可直接作为建筑材料或路基材料使用。 相似文献