重金属污染土壤中提高植物提取修复功效的探讨

随着对重金属超积累植物研究的加深 ,用植物提取修复技术来改良重金属污染的土壤已逐步进入实用阶段。本文所探讨的提高此技术功效的方法基于两个方面 :提高土壤溶液中重金属的浓度 ,促进植物对重金属的吸收 ;根据已了解的超积累的生理机制可能采取的一些措施     

红萍在植物治污方面的应用研究进展

植物治污是利用植物清除土壤和水中的各类污染物 ,进行环境治理。水生蕨类植物红萍具有一定的耐污能力 ,可以通过植物活体的富集作用和干体的物理吸附作用 ,从溶液中吸附多种重金属元素及通过植物挥发作用 ,将吸入的硒盐转化为挥发态。在污水中养萍可以去除COD和进行生物脱氮除磷 ,并设计出相应的养萍盘和生物稳定塘系统进行废水处理 ;利用红萍干体填充的滤柱可以用于电镀污水中一些重金属元素吸附回收。本文对红萍近年来在植物治污方面的应用和研究进行了描述和展望     

一种新型环境矿物材料在废水处理中的应用研究

实验研究表明 ,磷矿石作为一种新型环境矿物材料对重金属离子工业废水具有较好的处理效果 ,且自身具有显著的优点。采用分级处理的方法以及磷矿石的合适用量可以使处理后的工业废水达到排放标准甚至饮用标准 ,同时 ,由于磷矿石去除重金属离子速度快 ,在瞬间即可发生作用 ,使得利用动态法进行工业废水的连续处理成为可能 ,而且不会产生二次污染 ,具有工艺应用意义     

Seasonal Fluctuation in Heavy Metal Pollution in Iran´s Siahroud River - A Preliminary Study (7 pp)

Background The management of its available water resources has become a key issue for Iran. During the last few decades, the water quality of Siahroud River in the coastal plain of the Caspian Sea in Gilan Province in Northern Iran has significantly degraded. The scarcity of water has been compounded by rapid population growth and increasing pollution from fertilizers, pesticides, and municipal and industrial wastes. One of the sources of this degradation is the movement of heavy metals from the river's watershed into the various water systems supported by the river, including the water system for Rasht City. Methods To study the magnitude of heavy metal pollution in the Siahroud River, seven heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Ni were measured in duplicate from replicated water samples collected over five consecutive seasons and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. In situ measurements of pH were taken with the samples and total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed by IR gas measurement. Results The results demonstrated that four of the seven heavy metals including Pb, Fe, Cd, and Mn exceeded permissible safe levels as established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Multivariate factor analysis suggested that industrial land-use was the main contributing factor for the high levels of Fe and Mn in the Siahroud River, whereas, Cd was principly from agricultural activities in the watershed. The data also suggested that pH and TOC had an important role in the behaviour of Pb and Mn, and that the elevated levels of these two heavy metals in Siahroud River was the consequence of other anthropogenic sources. Only negligible levels of Zn, Cu and Ni were detected. Finally, all the sampling stations were subjected to cluster analysis. The results indicated that three different zones could be distinguished according to the levels of pollution. In addition, it was shown that the urban areas did not have a significant impact on the heavy metal pollution in the river. This observation stems from the fact that the data from the sampling stations before and after Rasht City were not significantly different. Recommendation . Preventive measures need to be undertaken in the land-use systems and watersheds of the Siahroud River to reduce the pollution levels of Pb, Cd, Mn and Fe.     

宝应县土壤重金属的污染调查

以宝应县农田土壤重金属调查为依据，采用污染指数法对土壤质量进行评价，分析土壤重金属污染原因，提出防治措施。     

粘土矿物与重金属界面反应的研究进展

介绍了3种粘土吸附剂：蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石对重金属的吸附、脱附等界面反应机理，以及粘土矿物对重金属的选择性及对吸附的影响因素。另外，还探讨了为提高其吸附性能而进行的改性方法。     

东京根霉对重金属Cr^3＋、Mn^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附研究

利用固定化发酵中产生的废菌体——东京根霉（Rhizopustonkinesis）去除废水中Cr^3＋、Mn^2＋和Zn^2＋,研究了预处理、pH、温度、金属离子初始浓度、吸附时间等条件对吸附量的影响。结果表明，用NaOH浸泡4—6h、在pH=5—6，温度25-35℃时吸附效果最好，用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin方程对其吸附等温线进行拟合，相关性都比较好；用不同的吸附动力学方程描述东京根霉吸附金属离子的最优和最次模型分别为Elovich方程和一级扩散方程，双常数方程和抛物线扩散方程拟合介于前二者之间。     

区域污染物总量控制绩效评估技术及动态化管理建议与对策研究（二）

首次指出了物元分析隶属函数及运算模型在区域污染物总量控制动态化管理中的应用.研究成果是对扬州市的10年污染物总量控制系统性、宏观性的展开,丰富了区域污染物总量控制的理论体系,且进一步表明：该成果不仅为污染物总量控制进行动态化、规范化管理提供了科学的技术支撑,也为促进区域经济结构调整和增长方式的转变,实施循环经济的决策提供了保障.     

EuroBionet: a pan-European biomonitoring network for urban air quality assessment

EuroBionet, the 'European Network for the Assessment of Air Quality by the Use of Bioindicator Plants', is an EU-funded cooperative project currently consisting of public authorities and scientific institutes from 12 cities in 8 countries. In 2000, the bioindicator plants tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Bel W3), poplar (Populus nigra 'Brandaris'), spiderwort (Tradescantia sp. clone 4430), Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum italicum) and curly kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) were exposed to ambient air at 90 monitoring sites according to standardised methods. Visible injuries and growth parameters were assessed and the accumulation of toxic substances in leaves determined. The exposure of tobacco resulted in a gradient with low levels of ozone-induced foliar injury in N and NW Europe, and medium to high values in the southern and central regions. The results of heavy metal and sulphur analyses in rye grass samples generally showed low to very low sulphur and low to medium heavy metal concentrations in leaves. In some cities, however, local hot spots of heavy metal contamination were detected. Analyses of the PAH contents in curly kale leaves gave low to medium values, with locally elevated levels at traffic-exposed sites.     

不同粒度飞灰中16种微量元素的含量分布

研究了不同粒级的燃煤飞灰中的Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｈｇ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ、Ｚｒ元素的含量分布,煤中元素的含量比及富集因子。