兰州银滩湿地5种植物对重金属吸附能力的分析

利用原子吸收分光光度法测定兰州银滩湿地5种植物及其生长土壤(表层)中Cu、Pb、Zn的含量,结果表明,采样区域表层土壤存在轻度Cu、Zn、Pb污染,其中Cu、Pb的来源或污染途径可能相同,且Cu、Zn、Pb的生物可利用性较低,TCLP生态风险评价显示均小于国际标准值;采样区域表层土壤Cu、Zn、Pb总量与TCLP提取量...     

北方某钢铁厂部分厂区土壤重金属污染的初步调查

对北方某即将搬迁钢铁厂的部分厂区土壤重金属进行了初步调查,主要利用SPSS相关和变异分析、Surfer空间分析及归一化处理对重金属污染的空间分布特征进行了描述。一区污染最为严重,有Hg、Mn、Zn、As、Cr和Cu;二区污染物主要为As、Pb和Zn;三区污染主要有As、Cr和Co;四区污染物有Cr、Co、Mn、Cu和Pb,污染相对较低。研究为调查区域搬迁后的土地规划提供了科学依据。     

土壤重金属污染的生物修复技术

随着城市化和工业化的加速,土壤的重金属污染问题日趋严重。生物修复技术作为一种环境友好型治理措施越来越受到关注,其主体主要包括植物修复、动物修复以及微生物修复。文章首先综述了生物修复土壤重金属污染的机理及其研究进展,其中植物修复包括降解、提取、挥发、根系钝化以及固定等,而微生物修复机理主要包括生物富集、生物吸着以及生物转化;其次分析了生物修复技术的局限性,如超富集植物积累重金属的单一性,植物的生长速度慢、积累效率低、适应性弱,微生物的种间拮抗作用等;最后对其发展前景提出展望,认为通过加强国际交流,重视多学科的交叉应用,以及合理配置人才与资源等措施,有利于突破技术瓶颈,发展出更具应用价值的复合修复技术。     

模拟雨水对工业烧渣中重金属浸出特性的研究

采用《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法—水平振荡法》(HJ557-2010)对工业固体烧渣中重金属进行浸出试验研究,并利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定了其浸出液中的铅、铬、锌、镉、铜、铁和镍等7种重金属,用可见分光光度法测定砷,考察了模拟酸雨的pH值、液固比和浸取时间等因素对烧渣中重金属的浸出试验的影响,实验结果表明烧渣中各重金属的浸出值均未超出国家标准《危险废物鉴别标准—浸出毒性鉴别》(GB5085.3-2007)中的允许值,可直接作为建筑材料或路基材料使用。     

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal phylogenetic groups differ in affecting host plants along heavy metal levels

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） are important components of soil microbial communities,and play important role in plant growth. However, the effects of AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） on host plant under various heavy metal levels are not clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to compare symbiotic relationship between AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） and host plant functional groups（herbs vs. trees, and non-legumes vs. legumes） at three heavy metal levels. In the meta-analysis, we calculate the effect size（ln（RR）） by taking the natural logarithm of the response ratio of inoculated to non-inoculated shoot biomass from each study. We found that the effect size of Glomeraceae increased, but the effect size of non-Glomeraceae decreased under high level of heavy metal compared to low level. According to the effect size, both Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae promoted host plant growth, but had different effects under various heavy metal levels. Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than non-Glomeraceae did under heavy metal condition, while non-Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than Glomeraceae did under no heavy metal. AMF phylogenetic groups also differed in promoting plant functional groups under various heavy metal levels.Interacting with Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under high heavy metal level, while trees and legumes grew better than herbs and non-legumes did under medium heavy metal level. Interacting with non-Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under no heavy metal. We suggested that the combination of legume with Glomeraceae could be a useful way in the remediation of heavy metal polluted environment.     

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for benzene catalytic combustion

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）, H2temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）. The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion.     

探讨适用于河流沉积物重金属污染程度的评价方法

本文使用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法两种方法对同一区域五条河流的沉积物中重金属的测定结果进行了评价和比较,提出了将河流沉积物中重金属的监测纳入我国地表水常规监测的意见和建议.     

生活垃圾资源化有效利用性分析

本文对生活垃圾资源化处理进行分析,垃圾中重金属的存在直接影响其有效利用,不断强化人们的环保意识,将分拣垃圾落实到实际行动中,生活垃圾能够变废为宝。     

重质油储罐固定式泡沫灭火系统设计优化研究

通过重质油储罐的实体火灭火试验,获得了氟蛋白泡沫液和水成膜泡沫液的供给强度与灭火时间对应关系数据,确定了每种泡沫液扑救重质油储罐火灾的最低泡沫供给强度;以10 000 m3固定顶重质油储罐为例进行了泡沫系统设计计算,将优化设计方案与原有设计方案进行了对比,主要变化是泡沫发生器数量从4只提高至6~8只,泡沫主管线管径从DN200提高至DN250,泡沫消防泵流量也相应提高。优化后的储罐泡沫灭火系统提高了泡沫灭火能力,提升了系统的可靠性,降低了储罐火灾风险。     

江苏如东互花米草盐沼湿地重金属分布及其污染评价

为了解互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)对盐沼湿地环境的影响,于2010年7月在江苏如东潮间带,依据互花米草的有无及其长势设置站点,对表层沉积物的8种重金属含量、粒度组成、总有机碳进行分析,采用地累积指数法(Igeo)和Hkanson潜在生态风险指数法进行污染评价.结果表明,如东滩涂表层沉积物中Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn的平均含量低于海洋沉积物标准I类,其中Cd、Hg、Ni、Zn的含量高于中国大陆沉积物-浅海粉砂背景值.整体上,8种元素在米草覆盖区平均含量均高于邻近光滩.地累积指数显示该盐沼带重金属为无污染状态,而Hkanson潜在生态风险评价显示为低污染和中度污染的临界状态,风险指数为低;两方法均显示该区域污染以Cd和Hg最重.由海向陆随米草长势渐好(垂直岸线断面),As、Cu及Hg元素的含量、地累积指数、潜在生态风险系数呈渐增趋势;拓殖1年左右的米草斑块区内(平行岸线断面),8种元素在植被覆盖区的含量、污染程度及潜在生态风险均高于邻近无植被覆盖区.此外,斑块分布区中,Cd、Cu含量显著低于垂直断面的茂盛分布区.互花米草是大部分重金属污染物在沉积物中富集的重要驱动力之一,且互花米草群落可阻滞污染物直接扩散入海,因而降低生态危害.互花米草对重金属分布的影响与米草的拓植年限、金属元素存在形态和来源有关.