金属矿山安全管理与信息化技术

信息化技术与传统产业的紧密结合,可实现传统产业快速发展.信息化技术对矿山安全也发挥了重要的作用.详细论述了金属非金属矿山的安全生产现状,矿山安全灾害种类和矿山安全信息化技术,指出信息化技术的应用是解决矿山安全问题的一个重要途径.     

煤气负压管道裂纹的修补

介绍了河南天宏焦化公司采用可赛新金属修补系列产品,对煤气负压管道裂纹进行修补,取得了良好效果,避免了煤气负压管道普通焊补作业的危险性和停机检修对生产造成的诸多不利因素,实现了煤气负压管道补漏作业的安全高效.同时,对可赛新金属修补系列产品的技术性能作了介绍.     

底泥中营养物质及其他污染物释放机理综述

水体底泥(沉积物)污染,是世界范围内的一个重要环境问题.其污染物主要通过大气沉降、废水排放、水土流失、雨水淋溶与冲刷进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,使底泥受到严重污染.总结了底泥中氨氮、重金属的影响因素及释放机理,也指明了持久性有机污染物释放机理研究不足的现状,提出对其释放机理研究的重要性.     

长江口滨岸潮滩无齿相手蟹体内重金属元素的时空分布及其在环境监测中的指示作用

对长江口滨岸带无齿相手蟹体内的重金属元素分析表明:无齿相手蟹体内的Zn、Cr、Ni三种元素季节分布的总体趋势是夏季>春季>秋季。无齿相手蟹对重金属元素的累积也存在着地点间的差异。青龙港、浒浦两地的无齿相手蟹对Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni的累积量都很高,东海农场和崇明东滩的无齿相手蟹对Zn的累积量较高。对无齿相手蟹、沉积物、悬浮颗粒物中的重金属含量分析表明,无齿相手蟹对重金属Cu有一定的富集能力,适于做长江口滨岸带Cu的指示生物。     

N、P、Fe、Mn对亚历山大藻LC3生长的影响

利用正交试验研究了N、P、Fe、Mn四种物质对亚历山大藻LC3生长的影响,比较无机营养盐及微量金属元素对亚历山大藻LC3增殖影响的大小顺序,结果显示无机N对藻的生长有促进作用,882—2646μmol／L浓度时LC3生长较好,2646μmol／L下生长速率略快。无机P对亚历山大藻LC3生长的影响差异显著,一定浓度的P对LC3的生长有促进作用。Fe及Mn对藻生长均有促进作用,分别在3．5μg／L的Fe浓度下及18—36gg／L的Mn浓度下藻可获得较快的生长速率。四种元素对亚历山大藻LC3生长均有促进作用,各元素对生长影响的大小顺序依次为：P〉Mn〉N〉Fe。     

Removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using tartaric acid

This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal （HM） contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of the HM contaminated soil. An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of riM dissolution/desorption and to predict equilibrium concentrations of HMs in soil leachate. The changes of HMs in different fractions before and after tartaric acid treatment were also investigated. Tartaric acid solution containing HMs was regenerated by chestnut shells. Results show that utilization of tartaric acid was effective for removal of riMs from the contaminated soil, attaining 50%-60% of Cd, 40%-50% of Pb, 40%-50% of Cu and 20%-30% of Zn in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 within 24 h. Mass transfer coefficients for cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） were much higher than those for copper （Cu） and zinc （Zn）. Sequential fractionations of treated and untreated soil samples showed that tartaric acid was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate fractions of Cd, Zn and Cu from the contaminated soil. The contents of Pb and Cu in Fe-Mn oxide fraciton were also significantly decreased by tartaric acid treatment. One hundred milliliters of tartaric acid solution containing HMs could be regenerated by 10 g chestnut shells in a batch reactor. Such a remediation procedure indicated that tartaric acid is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils. However, further research is needed before the method can be practically used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites.     

Selection of appropriate organic additives for enhancing Zn and Cd phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction is one of the most promising technologies to remove heavy metals from soil. The key of the technology is to choose suitable additives in combination with a suitable plant. In the present study, laboratory batch experiment of metal solubilization, cress seeds germination were undertaken to investigate the metal-mobilizing capability and the phytotoxicity of organic additives, including ethylene diamine triacetic acid （EDTA）, citric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, glutamine and monosodium glutamate waste liquid （MGWL） from food industry. Experiments in pots were carried out to study the effects of the additives on Zn and Cd phytoextraction. Furthermore, a leaching experiment with lysimeter was performed to evaluate the environmental risks of additive-induced leaching to underground water. The results showed that EDTA had a strong mobilizing ability for Zn and Cd, followed by mixed reagent （MR） and MGWL. MGWL and acetic acid at 5 mmol equivalent per liter resulted in seed germination index less than 2%. Experiments in pots verified the phytotoxicity of acetic acid and MGWL. Addition of the mixed reagent at 6--10 mmol/kg significantly increased Zn phytoextraction by Thlaspi caerulescens. The same for EDTA and the mixed reagent at 10 mmol/kg by Sedum dfredii. But only mixed reagents could significantly increase Cd phytoextraction by the studied hyperaccumulators. This suggested that the strong chelant was not always the good agent to enhance phytoextraction. S. alfredii combined with 2--10 mmol/kg soil MR was preferred for phytoremediation of Cd/Zn contaminated soils in southern China, this could result in high phytoextraction of Cd/Zn and reduce the leaching risk to underground water than EDTA assisted phytoextration.     

Behavior and control of chlorine in dyestuff residue incineration

Dyestuffresidue, a type of hazardous waste, is incinerated in the tubular furnace, and thermodynamic equilibrium model is used to calculate and analyze the chlorine behavior. The HCI emission and its effects on the behaviors of heavy metals are studied. Meanwhile, the effects of three dechlorine reagents are predicted at a high temperature. Results show that HCI emission is dependent on incineration temperature. The HCl evaporated mainly derives from the organic chlorine. Under the working condition of 500-- 900℃, the main products of rig, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Mn in reaction with HCl are HgCl2 （g）, PbCl4（g）, PbCI2 （g）, （CuCl）3 （g）, NiCl2 （s）, NiCl2 （g）, ZnCl2 （s）, ZnCl2 （g）, Zn （g）, MnCl2 （s）, and MnCl2 （g）, respectively. Among the three dechlorine reagents, CaCO3 is optimal to remove chlorine at high temperature, little of HCl is released below 800℃, whereas Fe3O4 is unstable at high temperature.     

Investigating the quantitative and qualitative status of effluent in the wastewater treatment plant in Iran Central Iron Ore

The aim of present study was to investigate the quality of the produced effluent from different units of the Iran Central Iron Ore in Bafq city and comparison of effluent with the standards. This study presents the physicochemical and biological parameters data of effluent of three Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with a capacity of 160 m³?d^?1. Most common parameters include pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, and total coliforms and fecal coliforms as biological indicators. Then, for each SBR system, the average of each parameter was determined, and results were compared with the standard recommended by the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency. Based on the results, some of the parameters, including BOD₅, COD, and TSS in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, are higher than the permitted amount for discharge to the surface water. Considering the BOD₅, COD, and TSS concentration in WWTPs, the treated wastewater is only suitable for agricultural and irrigation use. Therefore, wastewater produced by Iran Central Iron Ore Co. will need additional treatment to achieve standard quality of water before discharge in surface water and adsorbent well.     

不同类型活性炭处理废水中重金属离子的研究进展

重金属对人体的显著毒性和难降解的特性,使重金属水体污染成为全球性关注的环境问题。本文综述了重金属废水的危害、来源及常用处理方法,比较了不同类型活性炭处理废水中重金属离子的差异,阐述了不同类型活性炭处理技术的优势和特点,并对今后的重金属废水处理技术研究方向进行了展望。