我国部分河流重金属水-固分配系数及在河流质量基准研究中的应用

计算了我国部分河流天然物理化学条件下重金属在水相－颗粒物相间的分配系数,长江水系重金属水－固分配系数大于黄河反映了颗粒物度组成的差异,而长江口重金属－固分配系数大于长江武汉段则反映了离子强度的影响,在此基础上,运用平衡分配法根据实测天然分配系数尝试了长江,黄河沉积物某重金属的质量基准。     

滇池、洱海水及沉积物中重金属元素的行为

洱海水中重金属元素的含量不同,平均值以１０＾－９计算：Ｃｕ１．６,Ｐｂ０．５９,Ｚｎ９．８,Ｃｄ０．００９,Ｃｒ０．２４,水质较好;沉积物中每一样品同一元素的含量一般均趋于平均值,以１０＾－６计算：Ｃｕ１１１,Ｐｂ６０,Ｚｎ１２７,Ｃｄ０．５９１,Ｃｒ１３０。因此,洱海至今仍是一个较清洁的湖泊。滇池水质较差,内草海段水中重金属元素含量明显上升,以１０＾－９计算：Ｃｕ５．８,Ｐｂ０．５５,Ｚｎ３２,     

重庆缙云山四川大头茶常绿阔叶林重金属元素的累积与生物循环

四川大头茶,常绿阔叶林,重金属,循环,净化     

Metal and Trace Element Burdens in Two Shorebird Species at Two Sympatric Wintering Sites in Southern California

In January and November, 1994, ten willets (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) and ten black-bellied plovers (Pluvialis squatarola) were collected at a south-facing sandy beach at the North Island Naval Air Station (NASNI) and ten willets and three plovers were collected at the Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge (TSNWR), 16 km to the southeast. Concentrations of 19 inorganic analytes were determined in the livers. Differences between sexes in diet or abilities to retain some analytes are indicated because male willets tend to have greater levels of Cd than females and male plovers tend to have greater levels of Fe, Hg, and Mn than females. Concentrations of Hg and Mg in willets decreased from January to November. If this decrease is a part of an annual cycle, then the birds may be acquiring those elements while at NASNI. The differences between sites shows higher levels of As and Se but lower levels of Mn in willets at NASNI while plovers have lower levels of Cu, Mg and Zn at NASNI. There were no correlations between Hg and Se concentrations in the livers of any sample group of birds.     

鄱阳湖流域重金属污染评价与分析

为分析评价鄱阳湖流域重金属积累污染情况,采集流域内沉积物及土壤样品,测定其Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、As、Hg含量以及pH、氧化还原电位(Eh)、有机质(SOM)以及黏粒含量等理化参数,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法评价流域内沉积物及土壤的重金属污染水平,利用相关性分析法及主成分分析法解析重金属污染的影响因素...     

高分子重金属絮凝剂对 Hg2+的捕集及性能

以含Hg^2 废水作为处理对象,研究了几个影响高分子重金属絮凝剂去除水中Hg^2 的因素,实验表明：(1)pH值对Hg^2 的去除率影响不大;(2)水中某些二价离子的存在不仅不会消耗高分子重金属絮凝剂的用量,而且会促进螯合体MHM-Hg^2 絮凝沉淀,Hg^2 的去除率在99％以上,而一价金属离子对处理效果影响不大;(3)Hg^2 和致浊物质会互相促进彼此的去除,浊度的去除率在98％以上,Hg^2 的去除率在99％以上;(4)高分子重金属絮凝剂对重金属离子具有选择性,可将部分重金属离子从其它离子中分离开、回收再利用．     

RUNOFF OF METALS FROM ALUM-TREATED HORSE MANURE AND MUNICIPAL SLUDGE1

ABSTRACT: Land application of organic soil amendments can increase runoff concentrations of metals such as Fe and Zn, metalbids such as B and As, and non-metals such as P and S that have the potential for causing adverse environmental impacts. Aluminum sulfate, or alum (Al₂(SO₄)3*(14H₂O), can reduce concentrations of some materials in runoff from sites treated with organic amendments. The objectives of this study were to (a) quantify concentrations of selected constituents (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Pb, 5, Se, Ti, and Zn) in runoff from plots treated with horse manure (mixed with stall bedding) and municipal sludge, (b) assess runoff quality effects of alum addition to those treatments, and (c) determine time variations in concentrations of the constituents. Horse manure and municipal sludge were applied to twelve 2.4 by 6.1 m fescue plots (six each for the manure and sludge). Alum was added to three of the manure-treated and three of the sludge-treated plots. Simulated rainfall (64 mm/h) was applied to the 12 treated plots and to three control (no treatment) plots. The first 0.5 h runoff was sampled and analyzed for the constituents described above. Addition of manure or sludge had no effect on runoff concentrations of the majority of constituents. In some cases (e.g., Al, As, Fe, Zn), however, concentrations were near or in excess of threshold values recommended for marine wildlife protection. Alum addition increased runoff of Al, Ca, K, and 5, due likely to its composition and by the addition of lime to counteract the acidity of alum. Concentration decreases of more than 50 percent were noted for P for the horse manure treatment. No alum effect was detected for P in runoff from the sludge-treated plots, possibly due to relatively stable P forms in the sludge. Runoff concentrations of Al, As, Fe, K, Mn, and P followed an approximately first-order decline with respect to time. Runoff concentrations of Ca and 5, however, peaked during the second runoff sample (four minutes following initiation of runoff), suggesting that differences in mobility and/or transport mechanisms exist among the materials investigated.     

污染稻、麦籽实中Cd、Cu、Pb的分布及其存在形态初探

采用组织化学及溶剂提取法研究了污染水稻、小麦籽实中Cd、Cu、Pb的分布及存在形态．结果表明,3种金属元素在水稻、小麦籽实各形态结构中的浓度具有明显不均一性,胚中浓度显著高于胚乳,颖壳,皮层中浓度也较高;糙米、麦粒中的Cd、Cu、Pb在去离子水、0.1mol EDTA、1％醋酸、2.5％　NaCl、0.2％NaOH、70％乙醇中的溶出比例有显著差异;综合2项试验结果可以看出Cd、Cu、Pb在籽实中主要与谷物成分结合形成配合物,其优势形态是蛋白质结合态．     

Heavy Metal Toxicity Responses of Two Willow (Salix) Varieties Grown Hydroponically: Development of a Tolerance Screening Test

The E.U. funded BIORENEW project is investigating bioremediation of industrially degraded land using biomass fuel crops, including willow. One of its goals is to develop a rapid screening test to assess the metal tolerance of large numbers of willow varieties. This should reflect how a plant will respond to heavy metals under various field conditions and in the long term. A preliminary experiment tested two varieties of contrasting ability to thrive in metal-contaminated soils. Trees were exposed to a metal cocktail in three different strengths of background solution. An appropriate strength solution (1/4 strength Hoaglands) was identified for differentiating variety performance, based on its effect on the biomass of plant fractions relative to control fractions. This is a response to heavy metals which can be quantified rapidly and simply. The relative performance of the varieties was comparable to their performance in field studies. This test will be used to assess the tolerance of further varieties.     

清水塘地区土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术研究

阐述了清水塘地区土壤和农作物重金属污染现状,提出了对受污染土壤的修复措施及土地利用构想。