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171.
北京地区近35年大气污染扩散条件变化 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
本文使用NCEP(National Center for Environmental Prediction)再分析月平均数据(2.5°×2.5°)、1980~2015年北京地区(54511站点)的探空数据及温、压、湿、风、降水数据,分析了近35年来北京地区大气污染扩散条件的变化.主要结论有:1980~2015年,大气不断增温,1990年以后逆温明显,大气较为稳定,冷空气到达北京上空后对下层的影响减弱,3级以上偏北风频率减少,近地层辐合.同时,2000年以后中高层下沉运动位置不断下压,低层上升运动加强,低层上升运动被限制在边界层以内,这样会导致垂直扩散条件转差.1980~1989年大气容量指数较为稳定,1990~1999年大气容量指数出现波动,而2000~2015年大气容量指数呈现明显减小的趋势.总体来看,近35年大气自身的容纳能力呈现一个平缓的下降趋势.1980~1989年春季和冬季大气容量指数较大,1990~1999年春季和夏季大气容量指数较大,但是2000年以后,无论哪个季节,大气自身的容纳能力都是在减弱的,季节性差异变小.边界层高度在这30多年来都是春季和夏季较高,秋季和冬季明显降低. 相似文献
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介绍了分离度对色谱定量分析的影响,并以水中苯系物的检测为例,验证了采用峰高测量法代替峰面积测量法。可以消除数据处理机对色谱重叠峰处理时造成的偏差,得到满意结果。 相似文献
175.
防护堤是LNG储罐区重要的安全措施之一,防护堤高度对于LNG的扩散行为具有显著影响。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)研究半地下LNG储罐区不同防护堤高度下的LNG液池和LNG蒸气云扩散行为,对比分析储罐区底面积和防护堤高度对LNG蒸气扩散距离和扩散速度影响。结果表明防护堤高度的增加可有效减小LNG蒸气云的0.5倍燃烧下限(LFL)扩散距离。因此,对于同一种半地下LNG储罐区,在液池充分扩展前,可燃气云最大扩散距离与储罐区底面积成正比,防护堤高度的增加可减小LNG可燃气云的扩散距离。研究结果可指导LNG加气站半地下LNG储罐区防护堤的设置。 相似文献
176.
珙桐芽苗移栽育苗技术研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文全面研究了芽苗移栽对珙桐苗期生长、成苗率和商品苗合格率的影响,选择确定了芽苗移栽的最佳技术措施:在低丘地区,在相同地点和田问管理水平下开展芽苗移栽可比播种育苗平均苗提高成苗率2.5倍,平均苗高在25cm以上,平均提高27.8%.相对高海拔的原生地育苗,平均提高成苗率近4倍,提高苗高2倍以上. 相似文献
177.
David R. DeWalle 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2010,46(2):323-333
DeWalle, David R., 2010. Modeling Stream Shade: Riparian Buffer Height and Density as Important as Buffer Width. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(2):323-333. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00423.x Abstract: A theoretical model was developed to explore impacts of varying buffer zone characteristics on shading of small streams using a path-length form of Beer’s law to represent the transmission of direct beam solar radiation through vegetation. Impacts of varying buffer zone height, width, and radiation extinction coefficients (surrogate for buffer density) on shading were determined for E-W and N-S stream azimuths in infinitely long stream sections at 40°N on the summer solstice. Increases in buffer width produced little additional shading beyond buffer widths of 6-7 m for E-W streams due to shifts in solar beam pathway from the sides to the tops of the buffers. Buffers on the north bank of E-W streams produced 30% of daily shade, while the south-bank buffer produced 70% of total daily shade. For N-S streams an optimum buffer width was less-clearly defined, but a buffer width of about 18-20 m produced about 85-90% of total predicted shade. The model results supported past field studies showing buffer widths of 9-11 m were sufficient for stream temperature control. Regardless of stream azimuth, increases in buffer height and extinction coefficient (buffer density) were found to substantially increase shading up to the maximum tree height and stand density likely encountered in the field. Model results suggest that at least 80% shade on small streams up to 6-m wide can be achieved in mid-latitudes with relatively narrow 12-m wide buffers, regardless of stream azimuth, as long as buffers are tall (≈30 m) and dense (leaf area index ≈6). Although wide buffers may be preferred to provide other benefits, results suggest that increasing buffer widths beyond about 12 m will have a limited effect on stream shade at mid-latitudes and that greater emphasis should be placed on the creation of dense, tall buffers to maximize stream shading. 相似文献
178.
B. Veleva N. Valkov E. Batchvarova M. Kolarova 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(7):538-543
Radon is emitted to the atmosphere with quasi constant emission rates depending on the radium concentration in the earth's crust and soil physical properties. In this way, the 222Rn and 220Rn concentration in air reflects significantly the thickness of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The aerosol-associated, beta-emitting progeny nuclides of 222Rn were measured daily in the framework of the atmospheric radioactivity monitoring program of NIMH at Sofia. The 214Pb concentration was estimated from the measured short-lived beta activity of 24-h filter samples, changed daily at 6:00 GMT. The impact of some meteorological factors such as wind direction, wind velocity, humidity, and temperature on short-lived beta radionuclides is estimated, and the results show no simple statistical relationship. A seasonal pattern was observed with winter minima and late summer-early autumn maxima. High variability in daily morning concentrations and mean monthly values was observed. There were well pronounced differences between years. The height of the convective ABL was estimated from daily radio-soundings at 12:00 GMT for the period 2001-2006 and from seven soundings per day during the experimental campaign in Sofia in October 2003. In general, concentrations of short-lived 222Rn progeny nuclides decreased with increased convective ABL height. 相似文献
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为提高LNG储存的安全性,基于QRA(定量风险评价),利用应急危险定位分析软件分别进行了LNG中小型储罐及大型储槽泄漏事故分析和LNG带压储罐充注压力专项对比分析。结果表明:立式圆柱常压储罐应选择高径比接近于1的罐体而压力罐的选择受高径比的影响很小;当对常压储罐高度有要求时,球形罐是比立式圆柱罐更好的选择;在大型LNG储槽中,常压储槽自身压力很大,可以起到抑制BOG(蒸发气体)产生的作用;在饱和状态下,压力罐的充注压力并非越小越好,需进行针对性分析计算,选取最适合的充注与设计压力。掌握LNG储罐事故后果与罐体形状与类型之间的关系可加强并丰富对其储罐类型选择的认识,可较好的为提高其储存安全性提供数据支撑与理论基础。 相似文献