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161.
采用一步水热合成法制备不同掺杂量的Sm~(3+)-BiPO_4光催化剂。用XRD,EDS,SEM和DRS手段对光催化剂的特性进行表征。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,考察了Sm~(3+)-BiPO_4的光催化活性。结果表明,适量的钐掺杂使BiPO_4光催化活性提高了30%。当钐掺杂量为5%时,紫外光照射90 min,亚甲基蓝的降解率可达86.1%。 相似文献
162.
TiO2光催化膜反应器的实验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用溶胶-凝胶法,分别在炻器管、不锈钢管和玻璃管内壁负载TiO2催化剂膜,在连续式光催化膜反应器中研究TiO2膜光催化降解水中有机物的实际应用性能.结果表明:负载于玻璃表面的TiO2膜上出现了Na元素的渗透,而在不锈钢表面所形成的TiO2膜层均匀度较差;利用炻器管负载TiO2催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的速率常数是不锈钢管和玻璃管的2倍;反应过程中鼓气与否所得到的苯酚光催化速率常数分别为0.143和0.103min-1;溶液在管内的流速为1和9 L/min时流体的Re分别为4 000和10 000. 相似文献
163.
M. A. Vishnuganth Neelancherry Remya N. Selvaraju 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(5):353-360
Carbofuran (CBF) removal in a continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor with granular activated carbon supported titanium dioxide (GAC-TiO2) catalyst was investigated. The effects of feed flow rate, TiO2 concentration and addition of supplementary oxidants on CBF removal were investigated. The central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiments and to estimate the effects of feed flow rate and TiO2 concentration on CBF removal. The outcome of CCD experiments demonstrated that reactor performance was influenced mainly by feed flow rate compared to TiO2 concentration. A second-order polynomial model developed based on CCD experiments fitted the experimental data with good correlation (R2 ~ 0.964). The addition of 1 mL min?1 hydrogen peroxide has shown complete CBF degradation and 76% chemical oxygen demand removal under the following operating conditions of CBF ~50 mg L?1, TiO2 ~5 mg L?1 and feed flow rate ~82.5 mL min?1. Rate constant of the photodegradation process was also calculated by applying the kinetic data in pseudo-first-order kinetics. Four major degradation intermediates of CBF were identified using GC-MS analysis. As a whole, the reactor system and GAC-TiO2 catalyst used could be constructive in cost-effective CBF removal with no impact to receiving environment through getaway of photocatalyst. 相似文献
164.
以膨胀珍珠岩为漂浮型载体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备B和N共掺杂的B-N-TiO2/EP可见光催化材料和单一N掺杂的N-TiO2/EP可见光催化材料。应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、N2吸脱附(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行表征。并以可见光为光源,评价了该催化剂催化降解罗丹明B的活性,考察了不同B掺杂量对该催化材料性能的影响。实验结果表明,与N-TiO2/EP相比,B-N-TiO2/EP吸收光谱发生了明显的红移,可见光吸收强度更大。B的掺杂可以抑制TiO2晶型从锐钛矿向金红石的转变。B0.57-N-TiO2/EP对罗丹明B降解效果最好,可见光条件下反应3 h,罗丹明B去除率高达93%以上,B0.57-N-TiO2/EP催化材料重复利用4次仍有75%的去除率,显示了较好的稳定性和重复利用性。 相似文献
165.
166.
在现场开展了中试规模的臭氧光催化降解天然有机物的研究.研究表明,对大分子天然有机物占很大比例且重碳酸盐含量较高的地下水,臭氧投加量10 mg/L和反应时间10 min条件下,TOC的去除率不到20%,但UV254和三卤甲烷生成潜力(THMFP)去除率分别达到近60%和33.5%.臭氧光催化与活性炭吸附相连,能显著提高UV254的THMFP的去除率,但TOC去除率并不明显高于单独活性炭吸附.臭氧光催化使大分子有机物转化为小分子有机物,后者在活性炭上的吸附性提高且生化性改善,可望在生物活性炭上更有效地去除. 相似文献
167.
Liu Z He Y Li F Liu Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(5):328-332
Background, Aim and Scope
The polynitramines, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX),
are important military explosives and regulated toxic hazardous compounds. Production, testing and use of the compounds has
resulted in numerous acres of contaminated soils and groundwater near many munitions facilities. Economical and efficient
methods for treatment of wastewater and cleanup of soils or groundwater containing RDX and HMX are needed. This study focuses
on the photocatalytic treatment of RDX wastewater with nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) under simulated sunlight, whose
intensity and wavelength are similar to that of the real sunlight in Xi'an at noon. The objective is to determine the potential
for RDX destruction with nano-TiO2 in aqueous solution.
Materials and Methods:
An activated carbon fiber (ACF) cloth-loaded with nano-TiO2 was put into the RDX containing solution, and the concentration
of RDX was measured (by HPLC–UV) at regular time intervals under simulated sunlight.
Results:
The RDX degradation percentage of the photocatalytic process is higher than that of Fenton oxidation before 80 min, equivalent
after 80 min, and it reaches 95% or above after 120 min. The nano-TiO2 catalyst can be used repeatedly.
Discussion:
The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of RDX under simulated sunlight can be described by a first-order reaction kinetics
equation. The possible degradation mechanism of RDX was presented and the degradation performance was compared with that of
biological method.
Conclusions:
It was demonstrated that the degradation of RDX wastewater is very effective with nano-TiO2 as the photocatalytic catalyst
under simulated sunlight. The efficiency of the nano-TiO2 catalyst for RDX degradation under simulated sunlight is nearly
identical to that of Fenton oxidation.
Recommendations and Perspectives:
To date, a number of catalysts show poor absorption and utilization of sunlight, and still need ultraviolet light irradiation
during wastewater degradation. The nano-TiO2 used in the described experiments features very good degradation of RDX under
simulated sunlight, and the manufacturing costs are rather low (around 10 Euro/m2). Moreover, the degradation efficiency is
higher compared to that of the biological method.
This method exhibits great potential for practical applications owing to its easiness and low cost. If it can be applied extensively,
the efficiency of wastewater treatment will be enhanced greatly. 相似文献
168.
Vione D Maurino V Minero C Vincenti M Pelizzetti E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(5):321-324
This work describes the nitration of aromatics upon near-UV photolysis of nitrate and nitrite in aqueous solution and upon photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite in TiO2 suspensions. Phenol is used in this work as a model aromatic molecule and as a probe for *NO2/N2O4. The photoinduced nitration of phenol in aqueous systems occurs upon the reaction between phenol and *NO2 or N2O4, and is enhanced by the photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite to *NO2 by TiO2. Aromatic photonitration in the liquid phase can play a relevant role in the formation of nitroaromatics in natural waters and atmospheric hydrometeors, thus being a potential pathway for the condensed-phase nitration of aromatics. Furthermore, the photoinduced oxidation of nitrite to nitrogen dioxide suggests a completely new role for nitrite in natural waters and atmospheric aerosols. 相似文献
169.
170.