藻类对生物发光法检测水体中细菌总数的影响

以上海市区的丽娃河、苏州河以及银锄湖三种水体为研究对象,研究藻类干扰对生物发光法检测水体中细菌总数的影响。分别测定了三种水体中的藻类数量,并对其中的藻类鉴定到了种的水平。对采自三种水体的水样分别采用2μm混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜过滤。结果表明,过滤是提高生物发光法测定水体中细菌总数灵敏度的一种必要而有效的手段。     

细菌脱氢酶活性生物测试法用于水质毒性检测的改进

从培养基配方、菌种来源、激活时间、菌液用量以及检测方式等几个方面对脱氢酶快速毒性检测法进行了改进,确定了整个体系的操作方法。并用HgCl2和NaN3验证了改进后方法的可行性。结果表明,以天然地表水作为菌种来源,转接培养1次后,混合细菌的脱氢酶活性的稳定性便可达到实验要求。样品液与菌液按照6∶1的比例混合效果较好。混合体系在37℃恒温培养箱中激活50min以上细菌可完全活化,最终检测可用普通分光光度计进行。改进后的方法解决了原方法菌液失活过快,实验稳定性较差的问题,同时克服了检测仪器难以购买的问题,使这一方法得以在普通实验室实现。     

土著厌氧菌修复有机氯污染土壤的方法探索

针对工业场地有机氯污染土壤探索微生物修复的方法,试验表明:添加土著厌氧菌菌液及营养液的试验组,污染物去除率比空白组明显提高。基因测定结果显示,试验土壤中至少存在具有降解有机氯污染物能力的3种菌种。     

明亮发光杆菌培养的响应面优化及其对常见金属离子的毒性评价研究

随着人们对金属毒性认识的不断深入,对生物毒性检测方法的灵敏度提出了更高的要求.以发光度为响应值,通过响应面法对传统的明亮发光杆菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)培养基中主要组分的浓度进行了优化,得到了最佳培养基组成：氯化钠(25.00 g·L^-1)、胰蛋白胨(4.010 g·L^-1)、酵母浸出液(1.200 g·L^-1)、甘油(2.475 g·L^-1),在此条件下培养14 h后,发光细菌的发光度达到1.7×10⁹RLU,比优化前增加了1倍,菌浓度达到0.85,较优化前增加了5%.在优化培养基组分浓度的基础上,对其他条件(接种量、p H值、温度)进行了单因素发光度影响分析,发现在接种量1%(初始种子液OD₅₉₅为0.003),测定环境22～25℃,样品p H值为6～8的条件下,利用优化培养基进行急性毒性测定基本不会影响发光度.随后,基于优化后的培养条件对常见金属离子的急性毒性进行了评价,结果表明：除Fe²⁺、Zn...     

Influence of plants on the reduction of hexavalent chromium in wetland sediments

This work addresses the effect that plants (Typha latifolia and Carex lurida) have on the reduction of Cr(VI) in wetland sediments. Experiments were carried out using tubular microcosms, where chemical species were monitored along the longitudinal flow axis. Cr(VI) removal was enhanced by the presence of plants. This is explained by a decrease in the redox potential promoted by organic root exudates released by plants. Under these conditions sulfate reduction is enhanced, increasing the concentration of sulfide species in the sediment pore water, which reduce Cr(VI). Evapotranspiration induced by plants also contributed to enhance the reduction of Cr(VI) by concentrating all chemical species in the sediment pore water. Both exudates release and evapotranspiration have a diurnal component that affects Cr(VI) reduction. Concentration profiles were fitted to a kinetic model linking sulfide and Cr(VI) concentrations corrected for evapotranspiration. This expression captures both the longitudinal as well as the diurnal Cr(VI) concentration profiles.     

Mercury methylation by a microbial community from sediments of the Adour Estuary (Bay of Biscay, France)

In order to study the influence of microorganisms on the mercury biogeochemistry, the metal content and the structure of microbial communities were determined in sediments from stations along the Adour Estuary. The comparison of the bacterial communities and their distribution in function of the environmental parameters by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed the influence of metals on the bacterial communities structure. Sediments where the bacterial communities are mostly influenced by methylmercury were incubated in slurries with or without mercury, under oxic and anoxic conditions. Methylmercury production was detected in the anoxic biotic slurries with a net methylation yield of 0.3% after 24 h. CCA based on T-RFLP profiles revealed the impact of mercury addition on the bacterial communities structure. In addition, 17 bacterial strains, mainly sulphate-reducing bacteria involved in mercury methylation, were isolated and identified.     

浸泡时间对X60钢SRB电化学腐蚀行为影响研究

利用极化曲线,电化学阻抗谱,扫描电镜,能谱分析和微生物分析等方法对X60钢在灭菌培养基和接种硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)培养基中浸泡2h和浸泡240h后的腐蚀行为进行了对比研究.结果表明:浸入初期,相比灭菌介质,含SRB介质中X60钢表面上SRB的初始吸附成膜具有一定的保护作用,这使其耐蚀性能有所提高.浸泡2h后,SRB菌落代谢过程的阴极去极化作用使X60钢表面产生明显点蚀形貌,加速了X60钢的腐蚀,使其耐蚀性能下降.     

枣金属硫蛋白基因工程菌去除废水中的镍

以枣金属硫蛋白基因工程菌作为生物吸附剂处理含镍废水,对其影响因素(填料类型、p H值、重金属负荷率、吸附时间)进行了研究。通过正交实验,得到理论上的最佳条件,通过进一步分析找出实际废水处理中镍去除的适宜条件。结果表明,理论上在间歇实验中用枣金属硫蛋白基因工程菌去除镍的最优条件为:填料为陶粒,p H=11,重金属负荷率为0.2,吸附时间30 min。实际废水处理中为了减少碱的用量,缩短处理时间,可控制条件为:填料为陶粒,p H=9,重金属负荷率为0.2,吸附时间10 min。     

A management strategy to reduce bacterial pollution in shellfish areas: A case study

The problem of bacterial pollution in shellfishing areas is not uncommon in the coastal regions of the United States. Bacterial contamination from man's activities can effectively reduce our natural shellfish resource areas by forcing their closure because of high potential risk of diseases being spread by shellfish harvested in these areas. Tillamook Bay, a relatively small, enclosed drainage basin of nonurban character, presents an excellent study area for observing this problem. The high population density of animals, raised on a relatively small floodplain area, represents one of the major sources of pollution in the bay. This paper summarizes the history of the agencies involved with the problem and presents the current approach to alleviate bacterial pollution in the bay without unduly penalizing other industries in the Tillamook basin. The paper also presents some of the legal aspects of reducing water pollution in shellfish harvesting areas and the jurisdiction of federal agencies in these matters. Finally, recommendations are given to reduce bacterial output by the major source categories in the basin, and criteria for bay closure to shellfish harvest are developed to protect the public from bacterially contaminated shellfish.     

油脂废水处理方法探讨

针对油脂废水处理加石灰产生二次污染提出改进方法,采用厌氧技术用硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-ReductionBacteria,SRB)降解硫酸根,并在探讨性试验中得到初步验证。