硝酸盐对反硝化除磷过程的影响分析

在厌氧/缺氧间歇反应器内考察了硝酸盐进水浓度及进水方式对反硝化除磷过程的影响。结果表明：在缺氧阶段,反硝化除磷菌(DPBs)可将硝酸盐转化为亚硝酸盐,当硝酸盐浓度较低时,DPBs以亚硝酸盐为电子受体吸磷。进水COD浓度为220 mg/L,正磷浓度为6.8 mg/L,硝酸盐初始浓度为26 mg/L时,系统达到最佳脱氮除磷效果,期间亚硝酸盐浓度积累至10.71 mg/L。采用连续流投加硝酸盐的方式更利于氮磷的高效去除。     

Lead Solubilization and Accumulation by Two Strains of Pseudomonas Obtained from a Contaminated Alfisol's Effluent in Southwestern Nigeria

Two strains of Pseudomonas species (B₂ and D₅)selected from an array of lead solubilizing and accumulatingbacteria obtained from the effluent contaminated soil samples of abattery manufacturing factory were studied. Increase in pH between 4.0 and 6.0 favoured the growth of isolates: Peaklog₁₀ cfu mL^–1 values of 7.1, 7.5 and 8.5 wereobtained at pH 4, 5 and 6, respectively.Cell bound lead concentrations for B₂ (0.34 mg mL^–1)and D₅ (0.30 mg mL^–1) obtained by direct contact withPbs were greater than lead concentrations of 0.89 and 0.25 mg mL^–1 for B₂ and D₅, respectively,obtained in dialyzed cultures. These cell bound lead concentration in undialyzed cultures were alsogreater than lead concentrations of 0.03 and 0.07 mg mL^–1 for B₂ and D₅ in culture supernatants. Glucose addition did nor improve lead accumulation in the isolates.Exploitation of such isolates for the biotreatment of lead ladeneffluent was conducted.     

橡胶促进剂M盐废水生物处理技术研究

为探讨微生物技术在橡胶促进剂M盐废水处理中的应用,利用高效优势蘸强化A2O工艺对橡胶促进剂M盐废水进行处理,整个系统运行过程分为污泥的培养与驯化阶段及稳定运行阶段。在稳定运行阶段COD0平均去除率达90．71％,氨氮平均去除率达78．31％。以Mn^2＋、Fe^2＋、Mg^2＋、Ni^2＋为4个影响因子,通过正交实验分析无机离子对橡胶促进剂M盐废水中有机物降解的促进作用。由实验数据的摄差大小可知,各无机离子对优势复合菌降解橡胶有机废水的影响从大到小依次为：Mn^2＋、Fe^2＋、Ni^2＋和Mg^2＋。4种离子最佳质量浓度组合为：0．500mg／L的Mn^2＋、1．00mg／L的Fe^2＋、35．0mg／L的Mg^2＋和0．025mg／L的Ni^2＋。     

Analysis of the nitrifying bacterial community in BioCube sponge media using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and microelectrodes

There is growing interest in the development of more cost-effective and retrofit technologies for the upgrade and expansion of existing wastewater treatment plants with extreme space constraints. A free-floating sponge media (BioCube) process, using a 24L lab scale reactor, was operated to study the nitrification profiles and microbial community. The COD removal efficiencies were maintained, at an average of 95%, with the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) inside the BioCube sponge media maintained at 12,688mg/L. The nitrification removal efficiencies were between 92% and 100%, with an average value of 99%. From the results of microelectrode measurements, the ammonium ion concentration was found to rapidly decrease from the surface of the BioCube sponge media to a depth of 2mm due to chemical reactions carried out by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species. Multi-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to investigate the spatial distributions of various microbial activities within reactors. Microbial communities were targeted using different oligonucleotide probes specific to AOB and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). There were a large number of AOB populations, but these were not uniformly distributed in the biofilm compared to the NOB populations.     

硅酸盐细菌解钾兼拮抗活性菌株的筛选

从紫色土壤中分离筛选出具有解钾拮抗双重活性的硅酸盐细菌CS1和CS29菌株。接菌处理,其水溶性钾分别增加75％和65％,转化率达0．82％和0．72％。两株菌对革兰氏阳性的蜡样芽孢杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,藤黄八叠球菌等和革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌均有较强的抑菌活性。筛选菌株中91．2％具有解钾活性,但拮抗活性菌株只占总数的11．6％,表明二性状之间无相关关系。表4参7     

渤海排污口邻近海域异养细菌的组成与分布

对渤海4个重点监测排污口（北塘、大蒲河、弥河和虞河）邻近海域异养细菌的组成和分布进行了调查研究。结果表明,分离到的各排污口邻近海域的细菌隶属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、放线菌门（Acti-nobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）4个细菌类群,其中变形菌门的细菌最丰富。各排污口的优势菌有所不同,北塘、弥河2个采样点的优势菌分别为Bacillus sp．、Pseudoalteromonas sp．,大蒲河采样点的优势菌为Vibrio sp．和Oceanospirillum sp．,虞河采样点的优势菌为 Shewanella sp．和 Bacillus sp．。多维尺度分析表明,北塘和虞河采样点的细菌种群特征较相近,细菌种群分布特征可能与排污口的海洋环境有一定的相关性。     

高效石油烃降解菌的筛选及其对原油污染土壤的修复

从陕北原油污染土壤中筛选出7株高效石油烃降解菌,其中黄杆菌属CC-2、不动细菌属SC-5、假单胞菌属SC-6表现出较强的石油烃降解能力。通过单因素试验和正交试验考察总石油烃(TPH)降解效果的影响因素,得出各因素对TPH降解率影响程度的大小次序为:溶液p H降解温度降解菌接种量摇床转速,且在降解菌接种量为7%(φ)、溶液p H为7、降解温度为30℃、摇床转速为150 r/min的最适处理条件下,菌株SC-6的TPH降解率可达61.23%。原油污染土壤生物修复实验结果表明:高效石油烃降解菌的投加有利于土壤TPH降解率和酶活性的提高;"菌株SC-6+营养剂"组修复处理42 d后的TPH降解率可达57.59%。     

The response of soil Arthrobacter agilis lush13 to changing conditions: Transition between vegetative and dormant state

This work was aimed at studying the response of soil non-spore-forming actinobacterial strain Arthrobacter agilis Lush 13 to changing natural conditions, such as nutrient availability and the presence of degradable and recalcitrant aliphatic and aromatic substrates. The A. agilis strain Lush13 was able to degrade octane, nonane, hexadecane, benzoate, phenol, and 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-dichlorophenols, but not grew on 3,4-dichlorophenol, 2,3,4-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2-chlorobenzoate, 3-chlorobenzoate, 3,5-dichlorobenzoate, 2,4-dichlorobenzoate. Under growth-arresting conditions due to nitrogen- or multiple starvation or recalcitrant (non-utilizable) carbon source, the studied strain preserved viability for prolonged periods (4–24 months) due to transition to dormancy in the form of conglomerated small and ultrasmall cyst-like dormant cells (CLC). Dormant cells were shown to germinate rapidly (30 min or later) after removal of starvation stress, and this process was followed by breakdown of conglomerates with the eliberation and further division of small multiple actively growing daughter cells. Results of this study shed some light to adaptive capabilities of soil arthrobacters in pure and polluted environments.     

好氧硝化颗粒污泥的培养及其性能

为考察不同接种污泥培养好氧硝化颗粒污泥的可行性,分别采用絮状活性污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种污泥,在气升内循环序批式反应器(SBAR)中进行好氧硝化颗粒污泥的培养,探讨不同性质的种泥对好氧硝化颗粒污泥的培养及其性能影响.结果表明,以絮状活性污泥、厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥均可培养出好氧硝化颗粒污泥,其颗粒成熟时间分别为62和80 d,SVI为25.52和27.68 mL/g,氨氮去除率为93.15％和75.43％,COD去除率在90％以上,SOUR、Zeta和EPS显著提高,微生物活性及疏水性能增强,以絮状活性污泥培养的好氧硝化颗粒污泥性能更优.     

臭氧氧化—包埋菌流化床生物处理组合工艺深度处理煤气化废水

采用臭氧氧化—包埋菌流化床生物处理组合工艺对煤气化废水进行深度处理。实验结果表明：当臭氧的质量浓度20 mg/L、臭氧进气流量1.5 L/min、臭氧通气时间30 min、包埋菌流化床水力停留时间24 h时,臭氧氧化工序的COD去除率达到30.0%~40.0%,总酚去除率达到100.0%;包埋菌流化床工序的COD去除率达到60.0%以上,氨氮的去除率大于95.0%;经组合工艺处理后,出水COD<60 mg/L,ρ（氨氮）<1.0 mg/L,ρ（总酚）未检出,色度小于50倍,达到GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。