Restructured frame‐of‐reference training improves rating accuracy

The use of heuristic judgments is prevalent in organizations and negatively impacts accurate employee assessments. To minimize the negative impact of heuristic judgments (i.e., anchoring and adjustment), we aim to improve rating accuracy by restructuring frame‐of‐reference (FOR) training. We conducted five studies (N = 1,143) using different samples (three including participants with hiring experience), training environments (onsite and online), and rating contexts (evaluations of sales representatives, teachers, contract negotiation specialists, and retail store managers). Across the five studies, the average improvement in rating accuracy was at least twice as large for restructured FOR (vs. control) training as it was for typical FOR (vs. control) training; the difference in rating accuracy between restructured and typical FOR training was statistically significant. Furthermore, minimizing the anchoring effect rather than increasing opportunities for rating adjustments improved rating accuracy (Study 4). Finally, restructured FOR training achieved higher criterion validity (i.e., a higher strength of the association between ratings regarding a target and the target's objective performance) than did typical FOR training (Studies 3 and 5). We discuss implications for improving the effectiveness of diverse training programs and the accuracy of judgments in organizations.     

基于赞助搜索的广告研究进展评述

基于赞助搜索的广告已经成为了网络营销的重要工具,不仅为搜索引擎提供主要的收入来源也为广大企业提供销售渠道。由于这种广告形式和其他广告形式有很大的区别,因此对其深入研究具有重要性和紧迫性。但是相关研究还比较匮乏,还没有成为体系。本文在已发表的相关文献基础上,介绍了赞助搜索广告的一般流程并在结合信息可视化技术的基础上将相关研究分为三类：基于服务商角度的研究;基于广告商角度的研究以及关键字生成和结果页相关研究。然后对每个研究类别的主要问题、建模假设和方法以及结论进行回顾和评述,以期抛砖引玉,推动理论界对此问题的研究。     

‘Sea of blood’: the intended and unintended effects of criminalising humanitarian volunteers assisting migrants in distress at sea

This paper investigates the impact of the recent criminalisation of humanitarian actors engaged in the search for and rescue of migrants in distress in the Mediterranean Sea, focusing on the impact on the motivation and engagement of humanitarian volunteers in Greece. It argues that criminalisation is aimed at reducing search and rescue (SAR) activities and thus removing perceived ‘pull factors’ for migrants. The paper locates this phenomenon within the broader trend of policing and punishing those who assist migrants in order to deter them and prevent others from engaging in such endeavours. It finds that efforts to criminalise can have the unintended effects of encouraging and mobilising volunteers, as well as generating public attention and support for migrants. However, the negative consequences of criminalisation are far-reaching, including contributing to a high mortality rate among those crossing the Mediterranean without SAR capabilities and the heightened risk of violence against migrants and those who help them.     

Using culturomics and social media data to characterize wildlife consumption

Wildlife provides food, medicine, clothing, and other necessities for humans, but overexploitation can disrupt the sustainability of wildlife resources and severely threaten global biodiversity. Understanding the characteristics of consumer behavior is helpful for wildlife managers and policy makers, but the traditional survey methods are laborious and time-consuming. In contrast, culturomics may more efficiently identify the features of wildlife consumption. As a case study of the culturomics approach, we examined tiger bone wine consumption in China based on social media and Baidu search engine data. Tiger bone wine is one of the most purchased tiger products; its consumption is closely related to tiger poaching, which greatly threatens wild tiger survival. We searched a popular social media website for the term “tiger bone wine” and focused on posts that were originally created from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2018. We filtered and classified posts related to the purchase, sale, or consumption of tiger bone wine and extracted information on providers, consumption motivations, year of production, and place of origin of the tiger bone wines based on the texts and photos of these posts. We found 756 posts related to tiger bone wine consumption, 113 of which mentioned providers of tiger bone wine, including friends (53%), elder relatives (37%), peer relatives (7%), and others (3%). Out of the 756 posts, 266 indicated the motivations of tiger bone wine consumption. Tiger bone wines were consumed as a tonic (34%), medicine (23%), game product (30%), and a symbol of wealth (28%). Some posts indicated ≥2 consumption motivations. These findings were consistent with the search queries from Baidu index. Such information could help develop targeted strategies for tiger conservation. The culturomics approach illustrated by our study is a rapid and cost-efficient way to characterize wildlife consumption.     

地震救援行动的影响因素分析

从探讨救援行动的概念和响应过程出发,在分析国内外相关资料的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,分析了影响地震救援行动的方面和因素,以及它们对救援行动可能产生的影响,以期为地震救援的理论和实践提供有益的补充。     

基于CYCBD和麻雀搜索算法的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

目的解决在较强的噪声环境下最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(MaximumSecond OrderCyclostationary Blind Deconvolution,CYCBD)算法在滚动轴承故障特征提取时效果欠佳的问题,为滚转尾翼导弹的尾翼滚动轴承故障诊断提供方法参考。方法提出一种利用麻雀搜索算法(SparrowSearchAlgorithm,SSA)优化CYCBD算法的方法,将CYCBD算法解卷积的包络谱熵作为SSA寻优的适应度函数,利用SSA高效地寻找出合适的循环频率以及滤波器长度,选择自适应参数后,再使用CYCBD算法有效解卷得到周期脉冲特征。结果同时对比SSA优化CYCBD前后进行故障特征提取的包络谱图,CYCBD的噪声幅值不超过0.13 m/s^(2),峰值不超过0.29 m/s^(2),用SSA优化CYCBD的噪声幅值不超过0.08 m/s^(2),峰值不超过0.32 m/s^(2),故障频率成分更加突显,无论是噪声幅度,还是峰值幅度特性,均较CYCBD有了较大改善。结论仿真实验验证了SSA优化CYCBD方法能够更加清晰地辨识到故障特征频率及其倍频成分,其具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Strike-induced chemosensory searching by a teiid lizard,the golden tegu (Tupinambis nigropunctatus)

Summary Strike-induced chemosensory searching (SICS) is experimentally demonstrated in a teiid lizard,Tupinambis nigropunctatus. SICS consists of a concurrent post-strike elevation in tongue-flick rate (PETF) and searching movements after voluntary release or escape of bitten prey or removal of prey from the predator's mouth. The results are consistent with previous data showing that PETF and/or SICS occur in all families of scleroglossan lizards and snakes and all families of actively foraging lizards yet studied. The relatively short duration of SICS (2 min) in a lizard having lingual and vomeronasal structure highly specialized for chemosensory sampling and analysis suggests that phylogenetic and ecological factors may be more important than morphology in determining the duration. The greatest known durations occur only in the presumably monophyletic clade containing varanoid lizards and snakes, all of which have highly developed chemical sampling and chemoreceptor apparatus, but in addition feed on prey that has a high probability of being relocated by prolonged scent-trailing. Because only active foragers move through the habitat while tongue-flicking and exhibit lingually mediated prey chemical discrimination, only active foragers may be expected to use SICS. SICS would appear to be useless to an ambush forager and might disrupt its defensive crypticity, rendering it more detectable to predators and prey. Therefore, it may be predicted that SICS is adaptively adjusted to foraging mode.     

Dynamic temperature model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell using online variations in load current and ambient temperature

This paper presents a dynamic temperature model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The proposed model overcomes the complexity of conventional models using first-order expressions consisting of load current and ambient temperature. The proposed model also incorporates a PEMFC cooling system, which depends upon the temperature difference between events. A dynamic algorithm is developed to detect load changing events and calculate instantaneous PEMFC temperature variations. The parameters of the model are extracted by employing the lightning search algorithm (LSA). The temperature characteristics of the NEXA 1.2 kW PEMFC system are experimentally studied to validate model performance. The results show that the proposed model output and the temperature data obtained from experiments for linear and abrupt changes in PEMFC load current are in agreement. The root-mean-square error between the model output and experimental results is less than 0.9. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms the conventional models and provides advantages such as simplicity and adaptability for low and high sampling data rates of input variables, namely, load current and ambient temperature. The model is not only helpful for simulations but also suitable for dynamic real-time controllers and emulators.     

Modeling and optimization of turning duplex stainless steels

The attractive combination of high mechanical strength, good corrosion resistance and relatively low cost has contributed to making duplex stainless steels (DSSs) one of the fastest growing groups of stainless steels. As the importance of DSSs is increasing, practical information about their successful machining is expected to be crucial. To address this industrial need, standard EN 1.4462 and super EN 1.4410 DSSs are machined under constant cutting speed multi-pass facing operations. A systematic approach which employs different modeling and optimization tools under a three phase investigation scheme has been adopted. In phase I, the effect of design variables such as cutting parameters, cutting fluids and axial length of cuts are investigated using the D-Optimal method. The mathematical models for performance characteristics such as; percentage increase in radial cutting force (%F_r), effective cutting power (P_e), maximum tool flank wear (VB_max) and chip volume ratio (R) are developed using response surface methodology (RSM). The adequacy of derived models for each cutting scenario is checked using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Parametric meta-heuristic optimization using Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is then performed to determine the optimum design variable set for each performance. In the phase II, comprehensive experiment-based production cost and production rate models are developed. To overcome the conflict between the desire of minimizing the production cost and maximizing the production rate, compromise solutions are suggested using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The alternatives are ranked according to their relative closeness to the ideal solution. In the phase III, expert systems based on fuzzy rule modeling approach are adopted to derive measures of machining operational sustainability called operational sustainability index (OSI). Artificial neural network (ANN) based models are developed to study the effect of design variables on computed OSIs. Cuckoo search neural network systems (CSNNS) are finally utilized to constrainedly optimize the cutting process per each cutting scenario. The most appropriate cutting setup to ensure successful turning of standard EN 1.4462 and super EN 1.4410 for each scenario is selected in accordance with conditions which give the maximum OSI.     

Application of adaptive heuristic criticism control (AHCC) to dye wastewater

This paper presents an experimental application of AHCC to study the coagulation process of wastewater treatment in a dye plant. Also this study includes a series of tests in which an AHCC control was used for pH control. The performance results of the AHCC controller are compared with the results obtained by using a conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm. It is useful to compare PID with AHCC to illustrate the extreme range of the nonlinearity of the dye wastewater treatment process. Although the removal of pollutants from wastewater is similar with AHCC and PID, our results show excellent AHCC performance in the region where conventional PID control fails.