Applying Zonation Methods and Tabu Search to Improve the Ground‐Water Modeling1

Abstract: An optimization procedure combining zonation methods with the Tabu Search method is proposed to identify the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity field. Three zonation methods, Voronoi diagram (VD), multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagram (MWVD), and pattern zonation are adopted for the parameterization purposes. With the consideration of the homogeneity and the heterogeneity, there are four spatial distributions of hydraulic conductivity designed to test whether the parameter structure can be successfully identified. The fitting residual error is first considered to determine an adequate number of zones without over parameterization. Then, the parameter uncertainty is evaluated the decision of the number of zones. The results indicate that the MWVD performs better than other two methods because the MWVD has better flexibility in describing the zonal boundaries with small number of decision variables.     

基于双层规划的危险品运输专用车道优化设计

为更有效地设置危险品运输专用车道,在降低运输风险的同时减少专用道对路权的占用,从路网整体出发,以总体出行成本最小、路网运输风险最小和专用道利用率最大为目标,构建双层规划模型;使用NSGA-2算法求解双层规划模型,结合算例网络进行分析,验证模型和算法的有效性.结果表明:模型可综合考虑路网风险和总体出行成本,得到有效的专用...     

Reserve Design to Maximize Species Persistence

We develop a reserve design strategy to maximize the probability of species persistence predicted by a stochastic, individual-based, metapopulation model. Because the population model does not fit exact optimization procedures, our strategy involves deriving promising solutions from theory, obtaining promising solutions from a simulation optimization heuristic, and determining the best of the promising solutions using a multiple-comparison statistical test. We use the strategy to address a problem of allocating limited resources to new and existing reserves. The best reserve design depends on emigration, dispersal mortality, and probabilities of movement between reserves. When movement probabilities are symmetric, the best design is to expand a subset of reserves to equal size to exhaust the habitat budget. When movement probabilities are not symmetric, the best design does not expand reserves to equal size and is strongly affected by movement probabilities and emigration rates. We use commercial simulation software to obtain our results.     

Novelty Detection – Recognition and Evaluation of Exceptional Water Reflectance Spectra

The aim of environmental surveillance is to monitor known phenomena as well as to detect exceptional situations. Synoptic monitoring of large areas in coastal waters can be performed by remote sensing using multispectral sensors onboard satellites. Many methods are in use which enable the detection and quantification of ‘standard algae’ or specific algae blooms using their known spectral response. The present study focusses on the detection of spectra outside the known range and which are referred to as exceptional spectra. In a first step observations from a one-year period were used to establish the parameterisation of what is defined as ‘normal.’ In a second step observations from a different period were used to test the novelty detection application, i.e. to look for features not occurring in the first period.      

水库生态调度模型及算法研究

随着我国大规模流域开发,大量水库建设对河流生态系统造成了较大影响,如何通过水库合理调度来减轻水库对河流生态环境的负面影响,是当前水库运行调度研究中的一个热点问题。针对现行水库调度过分强调经济利益而忽视生态环境需水状况,致使部分大坝下游和库区发生生态环境退化的现象,从自然资源可持续发展的角度,探讨了水库生态调度的概念和任务,建立了水库生态调度多目标数学模型。该模型以经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益组成的综合利用效益最大为目标函数,以综合利用要求为约束条件,包括灌溉、发电、航运、旅游、河口压咸和应急用水等。该模型为具有复杂约束条件的多目标规划模型。创建了可行搜索离散微分动态规划算法(FS DDDP算法)对该模型进行了求解。〖     

从“人肉搜索”看网络媒介灾害信息的非主流传播

汶川地震“人肉搜索”事件集中代表了网络媒介灾害信息的非主流传播，成为灾后社会舆论的重要组成部分。本文从汶川地震“人肉搜索”事件入手，结合大量实例，分析了网络媒介灾害信息非主流传播的特点、功能及存在的问题，并提出了有效解决的方法。     

基于免疫禁忌优化算法的生态环境评价指数公式及其应用

通过模拟流域生态环境自然发展的演化过程,结合巢湖流域的具体情况,提出了适用于多个指标的巢湖流域生态环境评价指数公式。通过设定公式中生态环境指标“参照”值,采用免疫禁忌搜索算法对公式中的待定参数进行优化,使生态环境评价指数公式形式简单、方便实用,并具有一定的普适性。生态环境质量评价结果表明,合肥市和巢湖流域整体生态环境质量为Ⅲ级(及格),而巢湖市和六安市生态环境质量较差。     

地震灾害紧急救援队伍救援行动的规范

介绍了制定地震灾害紧急救援队伍行动规范的背景,阐述了地震灾害紧急救援队伍行动的阶段,给出了地震现场灾害紧急救援队伍行动规范的内容。该规范将有效地规范和协调地震灾害紧急救援队伍的救援行动,提高救援能力与效率,最大限度地减少人员伤亡。     

Role of information in collective action in dynamic disaster environments

This study explores the major issues facing collective response operations after destructive earthquakes. The small-n case study design employs qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the decision-making process in a context of seismic risk to exemplify how public managers can utilise information and communication systems to ensure collaborative actions in managing an extreme event. Fifty-eight semi-structured interviews with 39 key decision-makers and researchers and content analyses of daily reports from Cumhuriyet comprise the main data sources. The study compares and contrasts the Turkish disaster management system following the Marmara and Duzce earthquakes of 1999. It addresses whether the use of information and communication technologies significantly affected its performance. The study's findings reveal that difficulties in accessing and exchanging timely and accurate disaster-relevant information inhibited coordination during the Marmara response while increased communication functions improved coordination and search-and-rescue activities during the Duzce response.     

基于智能优化算法的河流水质模型参数的优化

为探索河流水质模型参数新的求解方法,根据有限的实测数据,分别应用免疫进化优化算法和免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法,对河流水质模型计算公式中的多参数进行优化。将优化得到的计算公式用于国内外若干河流的河段中DO浓度值的拟合,并与实测结果进行了比较。结果表明,将免疫进化优化算法或免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法优化得到的水质模型参数精度不仅较高,而且相对稳定,从而为河流水质模型参数的优化提供了一种新方法。