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171.
Joanna Burger 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,48(3):285-296
With increasing interest in assessing the health or well-being ofcommunities and ecosystems, birds are being used asbioindicators. Coloniallynesting species breed mainly in coastal areas that are alsopreferred for humandevelopment, exposing the birds to various pollutants. Inthis paper concentrations of heavy metal and selenium in the feathers ofHerring Gulls(Larus argentatus) nesting in several colonies fromMassachusetts toDelaware are reported. There were significant differencesamong colonies forall metals, with metal concentrations being two to nearly fivetimes higher atsome colonies than others. Selenium showed the leastdifference, and cadmium showed the greatest difference among sites. Concentrations of lead werehighest at Pralls Island; mercury was highest at Shinnecock,Huckleberry andHarvey, and manganese was highest at Captree. 相似文献
172.
铬的工业用途很广,主要用于金属加工、电镀、制革等行业,这些行业排放的三废导致了环境铬污染,对环境生态和人体健康造成危害。为探究铬对动物的毒性作用,选择昆明种纯系小白鼠作为受试生物,研究六价铬在小鼠体内的蓄积效应及毒性。结果显示,饮用水中一定浓度的六价铬(15~70 mg·L-1)可抑制小鼠体重的正常增长,染毒30 d后,小鼠肝脏和肾脏脏器系数下降,脾脏和脑的脏器系数提高;总铬含量在心脏和脾脏中增高,其他脏器中无明显蓄积效应;铬染毒组小鼠骨髓细胞活性氧水平提高,骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率显著增高。结果表明,通过饮水摄入六价铬可造成小鼠肝肾损伤,心脏和脾脏内铬蓄积,并通过活性氧损伤效应破坏机体的遗传稳定性。 相似文献
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采用中温焙烧/钠化氧化法从电镀污泥中回收铬.结果表明,影响铬浸出率的最主要因素为焙烧温度.电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比、焙烧时间、水浸时间对铬浸出率的影响较接近,在水浸水固比为10.0 ; 1.0(质量比)、室温、焙烧温度为650℃、焙烧时间为2.0h、电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比为1:1、水浸时间为60 min的最佳浸出条件下,铬浸出率为99.3%;去除氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌的最佳反应温度和pH分别为90~95℃和7.5;去除硫酸钠晶体的最佳pH为4.0,在最佳试验条件下,铬回收率为90.57%. 相似文献
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Heavy metal removal and cyanide destruction in the metal plating industry: an integrated approach from egypt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wastewater produced from a metal plating is a major environmental problem. Industrial auditing revealed that the main source
of pollution mainly originated from rinsing water. The characterization of final effluent showed that it is highly contaminated
with hazardous heavy metals and cyanide. The concentration of copper, hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cyanide in the rinsing
water of metal plating department was 14.8, 40.9, 13.3, and 19 mg/l, respectively. The concentration of cyanide and zinc from
the galvanizing department reached 60 and 80 mg/l. The remediation scheme included the application of in-plant control measures
via changing the rinsing process followed by the destruction of cyanide and reduction of hexavalent chromium bearing wastes.
The pretreated wastes were then mixed with other industrial wastes prior to a combined chemical coagulation-sedimentation
using lime and/or lime in combination with ferric chloride. The results indicated that, after applying the waste minimization
measures alone at the source, prior to final treatment of industrial waste, removal rates of cyanide, copper, nickel, and
chromium concentrations were 23.2%, 14.9%, 32.3%, and 55.3%, respectively in the rinse water from metal plating department.
Furthermore, the removal rates of cyanide and zinc in the galvanizing department reached 59.7% and 24.3. The integrated control
measures and treatment scheme led to more than 99% removal of copper, nickel, chromium, and zinc, while the complete removal
of cyanide was achieved in the final effluent. 相似文献
178.
Bruce R. James 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2001,23(3):175-179
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