固定化SRB处理低浓度含铬废水

主要选用海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇等为包埋剂,采用包埋法对SRB细菌进行固定化,并且以固定化小球对铬的去除率为主要参考指标,从失重率、传质性等方面综合考虑,通过正交试验确定固定化小球的最佳配比,同时采用这种新型的固定化小球处理含低浓度铬废水。试验结果表明,固定化SRB小球的最佳包埋条件为:聚乙烯醇8%,二氧化硅2%,海藻酸钠0.2%,活性炭3%,菌液含量30%,饱和硼酸中氯化钙2%,交联时间24 h。固定化小球处理低浓度含铬废水的最佳条件为:p H为6,温度为30℃,初始铬离子浓度为1 mg/L,在250 min内小球表面的活性位点趋于饱和,此时Cr去除率为92%。     

Preliminary Evaluation of the Use of Phosphogypsum for Reef Substrate. I. A Laboratory Study of Bioaccumulation of Radium and Six Heavy Metals in an Aquatic Food Chain

Phosphogypsum (PG), a solid by-product of phosphoric acid production, contains radionuclides and trace metals in concentrations which may pose a potential hazard to human health and the environment. to investigate the possibility of bioaccumulation of radium and six heavy metals over time when aquatic organisms experience both trophic and environmental exposure to PG, we designed a laboratory experiment representing three levels of an aquatic food chain. During the 135 day experiment, a meiobenthic copepod species (Amphiascoides atopus) was cultured in the presence of PG. the copepods were subsequently fed to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris and P. pugio) which were in turn fed to gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis); both the grass shrimp and the killifish also experienced an environmental PG exposure. Other than elevated radium levels in the experimental grass shrimp, the experiment demonstrated little effect of environmental or trophic exposure to PG on microinvertebrates, macroinvertebrates, or fishes that could be attributed to PG. in all cases where increased concentrations were indicated within the experimental group, roughly equivalent increases in metal concentrations also occurred in the control group.     

含铬(Ⅵ)污水对地下水、土壤污染的研究

通过模拟含铬（Ⅵ）污水的土壤淋滤过程，结合受污染区域土壤垂直含铬分布分析，研究了含铬污水渗漏对地下水、土壤的污染。结果表明：含铬污水在亚粘土、亚砂土、砂土中的平均渗透系数分别为６．０２×１０－６ｃｍ／ｓ、３．８７×１０－４ｃｍ／ｓ、５．３２×１０－４ｃｍ／ｓ。含铬污水排放会在土壤中沉积铬，引起土壤污染，并污染地下水。     

Elemental uptake by edible herbs and lettuce (Latuca sativa)

The total concentration of toxic elements (aluminum, cadmium, chromium and lead) and selected macro and micro elements (iron, manganese, copper and zinc) are reported in six leafy edible vegetation species, namely lettuce, spinach, cabbage, chards and green and red types of Amaranth herbs. Although spinach and chards had greater than 125 mv of iron, both the amaranthus herbs recorded > than 320 μ g g^{? 1} dry weight. In both the spinach and chard species, the Mn and Zn levels were appreciable recording > 225 μ g g^{? 1} and 150 μ g g^{? 1} dry weight, respectively. Aluminum concentrations were (in μ g g^{? 1} dry weight) lettuce (10), cabbage (11), spinach (167), chards (65), amaranthus green (293) and amaranthus red (233). All the micro and macro elements and the toxic elements (Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb) elements analyzed, were below the recommended maximum permitted levels (RMI) in vegetables. Further the elemental uptake and distribution of the nine elements, at three growth stages of the lettuce plant grown on soil bed under controlled conditions are detailed. In the soil, except for iron (16%), greater than 33% of the other cations were in exchangeable form. Generally in the lettuce plant, roots retained much of the iron (> 224 μ g g^{? 1}) and aluminum (> 360 μ g g^{? 1}), while leaves had less than 200 μ g g^{? 1} of iron and 165 μ g g^{? 1} of Al. Although the concentrations of elements marginally decreased with growth, the lettuce leaves had significant amounts of Mn (30 μ g g^{? 1}), Zn (50 μ g g^{? 1}) and Cu (3.6 μ g g^{? 1}). Some presence of lead in leaves (2.0 μ g g^{? 1}) was noticed, but all the toxic and other elements analyzed were well below the RMI values for the vegetables.     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定废水中总铬

研究环境样品中总铬用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定。选择不同实验条件 ,确定了最佳的分析条件 ,并通过标准样品和实验样品的分析 ,验证了方法的准确度和精密度。实验证明 ,此方法快速方便、准确度高、精密度好。     

碱性微波提取-ICP/MS法测定土壤中六价铬

采用碱性微波提取法处理土壤样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP/MS）法测定试样中的六价铬,以标准物质测定相对误差的绝对值作为试验指标建立正交模型,确定碱性微波消解的提取温度95 ℃、提取时间30 min、氯化镁用量005 g、提取液体积6 mL为最佳试验条件,采用He碰撞池技术和在线内标分别消除基体带来的质谱和非质谱干扰。条件优化后,方法检出限为0.10 mg/kg,实际样品6次测定结果的RSD分别为13.0%和5.7%,加标回收率为120%和106%。将该方法用于有证标准土壤样品的测定,测定结果均在标准值范围内。     

我国制革工业废水处理技术评述

本文分析总结了我国制革废水的现状的新的处理工艺，并提出了一些建议。