铬渣的长期稳定性试验研究

采用硫酸亚铁为还原剂，粉煤灰为添加剂对铬渣进行固化／稳定化处理，并通过冻融、碳化、模拟酸雨淋溶以及表面浸出实验研究了固化体的长期稳定性。冻融后固化体的质量损失小于1％，强度损失小于10％；碳化后其碳化深度在8mm～15mm之间；抗压强度均大于30Mpa，可用于建筑用途；六价铬的浸出毒性均低于国家标准的1．5mg／L：表明固化体长期稳定性良好，用于填埋，安全、可靠。     

In situ synthesis of FeS/Carbon fibers for the effective removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution

• FeS/carbon fibers were in situ synthesized with Fe-carrageenan hydrogel fiber. • The double helix structure of carrageenan is used to load and disperse Fe. • Pyrolyzing sulfate groups enriched carrageenan-Fe could easily generate FeS. • The adsorption mechanisms include reduction and complexation reaction. Iron sulfide (FeS) nanoparticles (termed FSNs) have attracted much attention for the removal of pollutants due to their high efficiency and low cost, and because they are environmentally friendly. However, issues of agglomeration, transformation, and the loss of active components limit their application. Therefore, this study investigates in situ synthesized FeS/carbon fibers with an Fe-carrageenan biomass as a precursor and nontoxic sulfur source to ascertain the removal efficiency of the fibers. The enrichment of sulfate groups as well as the double-helix structure in ι-carrageenan-Fe could effectively avoid the aggregation and loss of FSNs in practical applications. The obtained FeS/carbon fibers were used to control a Cr(VI) polluted solution, and exhibited a relatively high removal capacity (81.62 mg/g). The main mechanisms included the reduction of FeS, electrostatic adsorption of carbon fibers, and Cr(III)-Fe(III) complexation reaction. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model both provided a good fit of the reaction process; hence, the removal process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption, specifically monolayer adsorption on a uniform surface. Furthermore, co-existing anions, column, and regeneration experiments indicated that the FeS/carbon fibers are a promising remediation material for practical application.     

铬污染土壤处理中的铬含量及形态变化

采用FeSO_4和Na_2S作为还原剂处理铬污染紫色土壤,研究了还原过程中铬的含量及形态的变化。实验结果表明:当FeSO_4加入量为1.5%(w,下同)时,浸出Cr(Ⅵ)含量由(1 745.13±27.93)mg/kg降至(17.65±2.28)mg/kg,浸出总铬含量由(1 768.83±57.24)mg/kg降至(69.79±8.61)mg/kg,铬形态由水溶+碳酸盐结合态转变到较稳定的铁锰结合态;当Na_2S加入量为0.4%时,浸出Cr(Ⅵ)含量由(1 745.13±27.93)mg/kg降至(25.50±0.12)mg/kg,浸出总铬含量由(1 768.83±57.24)mg/kg降至(410.87±12.83)mg/kg,铬形态由水溶+碳酸盐结合态转变到铁锰结合态和有机结合态。     

菲和铬(Ⅵ)单一及复合暴露对土壤微生物多样性的影响

有机物和重金属已成为我国土壤环境中常见的2类污染物质,二者间复合污染引起的土壤生态环境风险不容忽视。本研究以多环芳烃模式物菲和典型重金属铬(VI)作为受试物质,采用PCR-DGGE分子指纹图谱技术,探讨这2种污染物单一及复合暴露对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响,并选用主成分分析、聚类分析和戴斯系数3种算法对微生物群落相似性进行了比较。结果表明,在暴露实验第1天,菲单一暴露低浓度组中微生物群落相似性产生了极为明显的变化,而到第7天时,菲和铬(VI)单一暴露高浓度组均对微生物群落结构相似性产生最大程度的影响;采用香农指数法评价微生物群落的多样性,发现在暴露实验第7天,菲和铬(VI)单一暴露高浓度组对微生物群落多样性的影响比复合暴露高浓度组更强,二者复合暴露的相互作用方式表现为拮抗效应。本研究证明低浓度菲短期暴露的效应高于高浓度暴露结果,因而多环芳烃菲自身及其在复合暴露中所扮演的角色尤其值得关注。     

A review for chromium removal by carbon nanotubes

Water pollution is still a serious problem for the entire world. Adsorption technology is a promising process which is based on the fabrication of novel, cheap, non-dangerous and highly sorptive materials for application in wastewater purification processes. Nanomaterials are functional groups which find use in many important fields such as medicine, food processing and agriculture. This review collects information from published works about the use of carbon nanotubes as efficient and promising adsorbents in chromium removal from (real or synthesised) wastewater. For this purpose, isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, etc.), kinetic (pseudo-first-, second-order, etc.), thermodynamic (free-energy Gibbs, enthalpy, entropy) and desorption–regeneration studies were discussed in detail. Moreover, significant factors such as pH, agitation time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and initial dye concentration are also reported extensively. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions were 0.39–238.09 and 1.26–370.3?mg/g, respectively. The absolute values of ΔG⁰ and ΔH⁰ ranged 0.237–48.62 and 0.16–58.43?kJ/mol, respectively.     

Pattern of Hexa-Valent Chromium in Air Borne Respirable Dust Generated at Various Workplaces in Opencast Chromite Mines

The paper presents a study into air borne respirable dust (ARD) concentration at various workplaces in two open cast chromite mines of Sukinda chromite belt, India. One of these mines is mechanised and the other one is semi-mechanised. The study has been conducted in three phases and ARD concentration has been measured at various workplaces in both the mines. Apart from the determination of ARD concentration, the dust samples collected on filter papers were analysed for hexa-valent chromium by colorimetric method and Cr(VI) direct absorption measurement. In addition, the particle size ranges in ARD have been determined by using cascade impactor fitted onto high volume samplers and laser guided particle size analyser. The paper finally presents a comparison between ARD concentration vis-à-vis the presence of hexa-valent chromium concentration in collected samples of both mechanised and semi-mechanised mines.     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铬

通过试验研究,建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中的铬。该方法的检出限为5mg/kg（按称取0．5g试样消解定容至50ml计算）,用于不同地域堆肥样品中铬的测定,其相对标准偏差（RSD）均在8．90％以下,加标回收率介于90．9％～105．8％之间,可作为一种较理想的检验堆肥产品质量的方法。     

微波解毒含铬废渣

用褐煤作还原剂还原含铬废渣中Cr6+,考察了褐煤以及铬渣在微波场中的升温行为,研究了铬渣解毒的影响因素。实验结果表明,铬渣和褐煤在微波环境中都能升温达到还原反应温度,Cr6+的转化率和体系温度随着微波功率的增加、辐射时间延长、煤渣比增加、煤渣量增加Cr6+的转化率相应提高。在微波功率为700W,辐射时间为20min,煤渣比为20∶100,煤渣量为20g时,Cr6+的转化率达到99.12%,体系温度达到1050℃。     

水中六价铬光纤传感检测方法的研究

探讨光纤传感检测探头的原理,建立适应现场检测水中六价铬的方法。水中Cr6+与二苯基碳酰二肼反应生成紫红色产物,光纤探头插入水样中进行测定。其检测浓度范围为0.04～1.0mg/L,最低检出限为0.04mg/L。采用光纤传感测定水中六价铬,为野外和在线检测提供一种新方法。     

稀水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原研究

以甲醇、正丙醇、丙三醇和苯酚作为俘获剂,研究稀水溶液中Cr(VI)的光催化还原过程,考察Cr(VI)在催化剂表面上的界面吸附行为及溶液pH值、俘获剂类型等对其光催化还原过程的影响.结果表明,溶液pH值对Cr(VI)吸附的影响为:(1)溶液pH<2.4时,随pH值升高,吸附量减少;(2)pH值在2.4-5.0时,随pH值的升高,吸附量上升,在pH＝5.0时吸附量达到最大;(3)pH>5.0时,吸附量迅速下降.但溶液pH值对Cr(VI)光催化还原的影响与其对Cr(VI)吸附的影响存在显著差异,随pH值的升高,Cr(VI)的还原率下降,在溶液pH＝1.0时60min内可还原完全,而在pH＝9.0时经相同时间后Cr(VI)仍残余65.18%.俘获剂类型对Cr(VI)的还原也有一定影响.