Kinetics and mechanism of hexavalent chromium removal by basic oxygen furnace slag

Basic oxygen furnace slag(BOFS) has the potential to remove hexavalent chromium(Cr(VI))from wastewater by a redox process due to the presence of minerals containing Fe2+. The effects of the solution p H, initial Cr(VI) concentration, BOFS dosage, BOFS particle size, and temperature on the removal of Cr(VI) was investigated in detail through batch tests. The chemical and mineral compositions of fresh and reacted BOFS were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)system and X-ray diffractometer(XRD). The results show that Cr(VI) in wastewater can be efficiently removed by Fe2+released from BOFS under appropriate acidic conditions. The removal of Cr(VI) by BOFS significantly depended on the parameters mentioned above. The reaction of Cr(VI) with BOFS followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Fe2+responsible for Cr(VI) removal was primarily derived from the dissolution of Fe O and Fe3O4 in BOFS. When H2SO4 was used to adjust the solution acidity, gypsum(Ca SO4·2H2O)could be formed and become an armoring precipitate layer on the BOFS surface, hindering the release of Fe2+and the removal of Cr(VI). Finally, the main mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by BOFS was described using several consecutive reaction steps.     

铬渣动态淋滤重金属铬溶解释放规律研究

为了全面系统地研究铬渣中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)溶解释放特征,以锦州和沈阳两地铬渣堆场为研究对象,通过动态淋滤试验,测定滤出液中Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬的质量浓度变化,分析铬渣淋滤液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)溶解释放规律。试验结果表明,锦州新铬渣和沈阳陈铬渣淋滤过程中,Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬浓度都经历先迅速下降再缓慢下降的过程;相较锦州新铬渣,沈阳陈铬渣Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬浓度下降都较慢,且初始浓度也较低;相比Cr(Ⅵ)的溶出,两地铬渣Cr(Ⅲ)的溶出量均较少,Cr(Ⅲ)溶出占比呈波动性上升趋势;锦州新铬渣和沈阳陈铬渣的Cr(Ⅵ)和总铬溶出浓度随淋出液体积分别呈双指数曲线衰减关系和幂函数曲线衰减关系。试验成果将为防治铬渣对地下水污染提供科学理论依据。     

取样及样品前处理对制革废水中总铬的影响

通过利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定制革企业不同工艺流程产生废水的总铬,考察不同量具及取样量、不同消解方法和样品保存期限对测定结果的影响。结果表明水样中悬浮物造成的取样不均匀性导致测定结果差异明显,不同消解方法测定制革废水总铬,检测数据具有可比性,固定剂的加入能够使得水样检测数据保持稳定。     

土壤样品中总铬测定的微波消解方法研究

本文主要研究了电热板/硫酸—硝酸—氢氟酸消解方法及密封式消解方法的特点.并把二者有机结合,从而形成一种用酸量少,环境污染少,准确度较高的消解方法。     

不溶性甘蔗渣黄原酸酯(IBX)脱除废水中的铬

本文采用不溶性甘蔗渣黄原酸酯脱除废水中的铬(Ⅵ),在pH 2—3的条件下,Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ),Cr(Ⅲ)在pH 8—9时沉淀,废水经处理后,Cr(Ⅵ)的残留浓度达到国家排放标准。     

Heavy metals in surface water and stream sediments in Jamaica

The levels of heavy metals in water and stream sediments in Jamaica are presented and compared to levels in soils and environmental standards. Heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc) appear to be less of a problem to Jamaica's freshwater environment than might be expected given the concentrations in soils. This can be explained by taking into account the dynamics of the Jamaican water environment and the relative absence of anthropogenic sources. The dynamics of the freshwater system on the other hand, could pass any environmental threat to the coastal environment. Because the stream sediments are relatively coarse and contain little organic material the bio-availability of micropollutants such as heavy metals from the sediments can be expected to be relatively high.     

掷孢酵母吸附去除铬的性能研究

通过菌种培养、分离与筛选 ,获得一株对铬具有很强还原与吸附性能的掷孢酵母(Sporobolomycetaceaesp ) .该菌株适宜的吸附pH值是 6— 9,1g培养 60h的菌体在 2 0mlpH 7的 1 5mg·l- 1 铬液中 ,吸附 8h后 ,对铬的去除率最高达到 1 0 0 % .在浓度分别为 1 5 ,30 ,5 0 ,1 0 0 ,30 0mg·l- 1 的铬液中 ,每克菌体对铬的吸附量与对数曲线y=1 72 5 8ln(x) - 2 0 9 49相吻合 ,相关系数为 0 9889,对吸附后菌体破壁测得细胞质内含铬量最高 ,达 65 5 % .通过扫描电子显微镜发现 ,处理 1 5mg·l- 1 铬液 8h后 ,菌体细胞壁的表面结构不发生形态变化     

Sub-lethal effects of heavy metals on activated sludge microorganisms

The effects of heavy metals, at sub-lethal concentrations, on activated sludge microbial ecosystem were investigated. Adsorption capacity and rate of copper, chromium, lead and zinc on microbial flocs were much faster than that of organic matters. Metals affected not only the adsorption rate of organic matters but also the COD adsorption capacity of the activated sludge. Effects of heavy metals. on wastewater treatment performance of a sequencing batch reactor were also studied. Metal-laden wastewater at sub-lethal levels affected the performance to different extents, depending on the hydraulic retention time. Metal ions acted as a strong competitor against the organic compounds for active sites on the bioflocs instead of acting as a toxic microbial inhibitor, thus hampering organic adsorption and affecting the COD removal efficiency under shorter HRTs.     

固体进样无焰原子吸收法直接测定树叶中的铬

设计了一种简便,实用的固体进样装置,进行无焰原子吸收测定树叶中的痕量铬.建立了一种准确快速测定树叶中微量元素的方法,适合于常规环境试样分析.特证质量0.9Pg/0.0044A,回收率95-98％,变异系数5.1-5.7％.     

Use of Central Stonerollers (Cyprinidae: Campostoma anomalum) from Tennessee as a Bioindicator of Metal Contamination

We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in a small species of fish (Central stonerollers, Campostoma anomalum) collected from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and a reference site in eastern Tennessee. Stonerollers are minnows in the Cyprinidae family that serve as prey for many carnivores in aquatic systems. Fish were collected from East Fork Poplar Creek within the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex, part of the Oak Ridge Reservation, and from a reference stretch of the Little River in East Tennessee. Whole fish were homogenized for analysis. Concentrations of all metals (except arsenic) were significantly higher in stonerollers from EFPC compared to the reference site. Mercury levels in minnows from EFPC averaged 0.4 ppm (μg/g), four times higher than the average for fish in the U.S. in general. This was higher than levels in fish from the nearby Clinch River and higher than fillets of white bass (Morone chrysops) from the same creek. Most metal levels were inversely related to size and weight of the stonerollers, perhaps due to growth dilution.