Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution by freeze-dried activated sludge: Equilibrium,kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g⁻¹) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L⁻¹. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔG^o (−0.8– −4.58 kJ·mol⁻¹), ΔH^o (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol⁻¹), and ΔS^o (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr(III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (E_a = −7 kJ·mol⁻¹) and the intra-particle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled.     

六价铬还原细菌Bacillus cereus S5.4还原机理及酶学性质研究

从宝钢电镀污泥中分离得到1株六价铬还原细菌Bacillus cereus S5.4,在液体LB培养基中培养72　h完全还原2　mmol/L Cr⁶⁺.测定该菌株六价铬还原后细胞内外六价铬和总铬浓度,检测细胞各组分六价铬还原能力,并结合扫描电镜分析六价铬还原前后细胞形态的变化.结果表明,细菌的细胞壁膜能阻止六价铬进入细胞,是六价铬发生还原的主要场所,其通透性的改变将影响六价铬还原酶的作用;该菌株六价铬还原酶为非分泌型,在细菌细胞内侧发生作用.测定六价铬还原酶活性和稳定性：其最适温度范围25～37℃,最适pH 7,Cu2＋有增强六价铬还原酶活性的作用;在37℃,该菌株六价铬还原酶K_m为125.61 μmol/L,V_max为7.68 nmol/(min·mg).     

腐殖酸吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的对比实验研究

研究了未处理的腐殖酸(HA)和不溶性腐殖酸(IHA)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附作用.进行了反应时间、pH值、IHA投加量、温度等对去除效率的影响研究,确定了两种吸附剂最佳反应条件,并通过对比实验,分析了两种吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的特点.实验表明,HA达到最大吸附量时所需要的反应时间(180 min左右)远远高于IHiA的反应时间...     

化学还原法处理电镀含铬废水的工程应用

用亚硫酸氢钠作还原剂处理含铬电镀废水时,不调节废水pH值会出现暂时定性检测不含六价铬的假象,过一段时间废水中又会出现六价铬,导致排水不达标.针对这一现象进行实验和工程实践,结果表明,不调节pH值增加亚硫酸氢钠的投加量和不增加亚硫酸氢钠投加量而pH值调节到3～4都能使处理后水质稳定,达到排放标准(GB21900-2008...     

用铬渣作水泥矿化剂

介绍了铬渣作水泥矿化剂的原理和生产控制条件,通过经济和环境效益分析证明,铬渣作水泥矿化剂确实是一种处理和利用铬渣的好方法。     

用改性赤泥吸附废水中的六价铬

用国内烧结法产生的赤泥作主要原料,以氯化铁为改性剂制得改性赤泥,用其吸附含铬废水中的重铬酸根阴离子。当废水中六价铬的质量浓度为80mg／L时,在环境温度为30℃、改性赤泥投加量为10g／L、pH为2左右的酸性环境中,2h达到吸附平衡,去除率可达96．18％。并且利用Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式对其吸附机理进行了探讨,结果表明,氯化铁改性赤泥对重铬酸根阴离子的吸附是通过物理吸附和化学吸附的协同作用来进行的。     

铬革渣资源化处理研究 Ⅱ.由铬革渣提取蛋白质和铬(Ⅲ)

铬革渣是制革工业废弃物,经碱水解脱铬提取蛋白质.蛋白质与作为载体的糠麸混合,烃干燥后粉碎,制成饲料蛋白粉.剩余的碱性滤渣用硫酸提取硫酸铬,该盐可作为铬鞣剂,提铬后的酸性滤渣可用作花肥.     

络合剂对铬污染土壤电动修复作用的影响

用电动方法对铬污染砂土的修复进行了实验室研究。结果表明,EDTA和柠檬酸的加入明显改变了电动过程中电流的大小和铬在砂土中的分配,柠檬酸因与C(rⅥ)发生明显的竞争吸附或与土壤中的C(rⅢ)发生较强的络合作用而增加土壤总铬的迁移率,迁移到阳极附近的铬占砂土中铬含量的78.4%,电动处理以后土壤中剩余的六价铬浓度均显著减少,尤其是加入络合剂后的迁移率比不加入约提高40%,充分表明电动处理时加入络合剂可明显增加对砂土中六价铬的迁移。     

铬污染土壤的微生物修复技术研究进展

介绍了土壤中铬的来源,存在形态,迁移转化及其对生物的危害,并重点阐述铬污染土壤的微生物修复机理:土壤中的Cr(VI)可以在微生物生物吸附、还原作用等作用下降低其生物可利用性和毒性,从而达到铬污染土壤修复的目的。针对微生物修复过程中存在的问题,提出了提高微生物修复铬污染土壤效果的措施,并对铬土壤污染微生物修复的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Thermal stabilization of chromium slag by sewage sludge: Effects of sludge quantity and temperature

To investigate the feasibility of detoxifying chromium slag by sewage sludge,synthetic chromium slag containing 3% of Cr(VI) was mixed with sewage sludge followed by thermal treatment in nitrogen gas for stabilizing chromium.The effects of slag to sludge ratio(0.5,1 and 2) and temperature(200,300,500,700 and 900°C) on treatment efficiency were investigated.During the mixing process before thermal treatment,59.8%-99.7% of Cr(VI) was reduced,but Cr could be easily leached from the reduction product.Increasing heating temperature and decreasing slag to sludge ratio strengthened the reduction and stabilization of Cr(VI).When the slag to sludge ratio was 0.5 and thermal treatment temperature was 300°C,the total leached Cr and Cr(VI) declined to 0.55 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L respectively,and 45.5% of Cr in the thermally treated residue existed as residual fraction.A two-stage mechanism was proposed for the reduction and stabilization of Cr.