基于FAHP的黄河中下游灾害系统脆性评价

首次将复杂系统的脆性引用到黄河灾害的研究中,并根据复杂系统的层次结构,采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对黄河中下游灾害系统进行了分析.由模糊层次分析法求得了灾害子系统的相对重要度排序向量,找出了极易使黄河中下游系统崩溃的脆性因素.结合黄河中下游的现状,通过对系统必要的脆性分析,为决策者提供重要的参考依据.     

Computing sustainable manufacturing index with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

The growing industrial interest in adopting sustainability programmes has ushered in studies regarding sustainability indicators which have continually flourished in current literature. However, limited attention is given to the development of priority ranking, which is an important input for any adopting firm. This paper presents a hybrid multi-criteria approach in determining priority areas in sustainable manufacturing (SM). Using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to address uncertainty in hierarchical decision-making, this paper determines SM priority strategies and eventually identifies even lower level strategies. The computed sustainable manufacturing index is presented at both the organizational and operational levels for a real case study of an industrial plastic manufacturing firm. This work provides a detailed and transparent hierarchical decision-making approach based on SM framework, the use of which could be valuable to practicing managers across industries in their pursuit of greater sustainability.     

Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems – Part I: Lessons learned and perspectives

The continuously increasing solid waste generation worldwide calls for management strategies that integrate concerns for environmental sustainability. By quantifying environmental impacts of systems, life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool, which can contribute to answer that call. But how, where and to which extent has it been applied to solid waste management systems (SWMSs) until now, and which lessons can be learnt from the findings of these LCA applications? To address these questions, we performed a critical review of 222 published LCA studies of SWMS. We first analysed the geographic distribution and found that the published studies have primarily been concentrated in Europe with little application in developing countries. In terms of technological coverage, they have largely overlooked application of LCA to waste prevention activities and to relevant waste types apart from household waste, e.g. construction and demolition waste. Waste management practitioners are thus encouraged to abridge these gaps in future applications of LCA. In addition to this contextual analysis, we also evaluated the findings of selected studies of good quality and found that there is little agreement in the conclusions among them. The strong dependence of each SWMS on local conditions, such as waste composition or energy system, prevents a meaningful generalisation of the LCA results as we find it in the waste hierarchy. We therefore recommend stakeholders in solid waste management to regard LCA as a tool, which, by its ability of capturing the local specific conditions in the modelling of environmental impacts and benefits of a SWMS, allows identifying critical problems and proposing improvement options adapted to the local specificities.     

危险废物焚烧厂环境污染控制与风险管理水平评价指标体系研究与应用

采用德尔菲法、层次分析法和五分制综合评分法,构建了危险废物焚烧厂环境污染控制与风险管理水平评价指标体系。从选址、技术和管理的角度,制定了31个评价指标,并归纳为8个准则层指标群,通过计算权重和对评价指标的赋分,实现对危险废物焚烧厂环境污染控制与风险管理水平的量化评价。应用结果表明:华南某市两家危险废物焚烧厂的环境污染控制与风险管理水平分值分别为3.34和4.38,分别处于良好和先进的水平。     

双台子河口湿地植被修复生境健康评价方法研究

以2014—2015年双台子河口滨海湿地植被修复20个站位调查资料为基础,对湿地修复结构指标、功能指标和环境指标进行研究,结合湿地生态系统健康理论,构建湿地生态环境健康评价指标体系。运用层次分析法(AHP)确定权重,对各个指标赋予权重,将健康评价分为3个等级,确立了生态健康评价方法,对近岸破损湿地翅碱蓬修复生境进行评价。进一步引用评价净影响值(EI)方法判断生境修复前、后的健康对比状态,从而确定翅碱蓬对该破损湿地的修复效果显著。从景观生态学和健康评价角度分析来看,建立此评价方法是可行的,可为今后湿地的管理与保护提供科学依据。     

基于AHP的环境经济评价在污水处理厂清洁生产中的应用研究

环保类项目主要价值体现为环境效益,清洁生产中高费方案分析中,单纯分析经济费用效益,经常为不可行方案.文章以污水处理厂3个不同的清洁生产方案(增加化学除磷、污泥深度脱水、增加除臭设施)为例,对他们的环境效益进行了货币化估值,并将AHP确定权重的方法引入环境影响货币化估值中,对纳入环境价值的方案分析其内部收益率,从而分析清洁生产中方案的可行性.分析得出化学除磷和污泥深度脱水的内部收益率分别为12.89%和13.54%,具有可行性,因此优选实施污泥深度脱水方案.     

层次分析模型在室内空气质量评价中的应用研究

当前评价方法没有考虑室内空气质量界线的模糊性,不能真实反映室内空气品质,导致评价结果不准确.提出基于层次分析模型的室内空气质量评价方法,建立室内空气质量评价目标层、准则层和措施层三层递阶的层次结构模型,构造判断矩阵,计算特征向量,得到各自的层次总排序结果,结合室内空气质量评价各指标权重,计算空气各污染物的隶属函数,求导室内空气质量最终评价值.实验结果表明,所提方法获得的室内空气质量评价值与实际调查监测值一致,能够真实反映室内空气质量状况,具有较高的可靠性.     

呼和浩特地区污水厂能耗评价与碳排放分析

污水处理过程的能耗和温室气体排放方面的研究对于应对能源危机和气候危机具有重要作用。文章利用层次分析法,建立了具有4层15项指标的能耗评价体系。结合城镇污水处理系统的绿色指标体系,选取呼和浩特地区具有代表性、处理规模相近的2座中小型污水厂进行能耗评价。结果表明:处理能力利用率、处理工艺系统稳定性和污水厂高程布置所对应的3项评价指标在所选择的能耗影响因素中所占权重较大,分别为:0.143 0,0.302 4和0.145 6。进一步运用IPCC计算方法对污水处理厂进行碳排放概算,得出A、B污水处理厂的碳排放量分别为:19.401 t CO2/104t、18.378 t CO2/104t。A、B污水处理厂的实际比能耗分别为0.293 kW.h/m3、0.195 kW.h/m3。将碳排放数据与实际能耗情况对比得出:污水处理厂的能耗水平越高,单位碳排放量也越大。     

基于情景分析的城市餐厨垃圾处理方案研究

城市生态环境保护是生态文明建设的重要组成部分之一,而餐厨垃圾是影响城市生态环境的一种主要污染源,因此,有效处理餐厨垃圾也是当前城市生态环境保护的重要内容。本文以重庆市为例,针对其特殊的餐厨垃圾组成成分,调查分析了其主城区餐厨垃圾污染状况及处理难点,提出了3种主要处理方案情景并进行综合效益评价。结果表明建立餐厨垃圾小型处理站是最优方案,其成本效益核算结果说明当政府基金和垃圾产量有限时,也可采用缩小处理站规模以达到最高的组合效益。     

基于层次分析法（AHP）的环境绩效审计评价体系构建研究——以丽水市为例

文章构建了环境绩效审计综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定指标体系的权重,对于提高环境绩效审计工作质量和效率具有重要意义。丽水市生态资金绩效审计的实证研究结果表明,指标体系评价结果能客观反映市县行政区实际,指明影响环境管理绩效的消极因素,能有效提高财政经费使用效益,充分发挥审计服务科学发展的作用。