Priority analysis for risk factors of equipment in a hydraulic turbine generator unit

Ensuring the safe operation of hydropower stations is one of the key challenges for electric generation. Clearly the safe operation of such systems can only be archived with proper and effective maintenance scheduling. The objective of this study is to analyze, rank and prioritize the risk factors responsible for equipment failures of a hydraulic turbine generator unit (HTGU) based on operating data and expert elicitation. Here a simple qualitative risk evaluation model is proposed able to consider seven typical failures in HTGU. The proposed tool is applied for the risk prioritization of equipment failures, e.g. shaft torsion, misalignment, rotating fault, axis bend, runner fault, water guide, and wicket gate of a hydropower station in China. The obtained results have been compared against the actual statistics of equipment failures of a hydropower station in China, considered showing good agreement. All of these results provide theoretical guidance for digitalization realization of equipment failures.     

Cost shifting and other perverse incentives in biodiversity offsetting in India

Biodiversity offsetting aims to compensate for development‐induced biodiversity loss through commensurate conservation gains and is gaining traction among governments and businesses. However, cost shifting (i.e., diversion of offset funds to other conservation programs) and other perverse incentives can undermine the effectiveness of biodiversity offsetting. Additionality—the requirement that biodiversity offsets result in conservation outcomes that would not have been achieved otherwise—is fundamental to biodiversity offsetting. Cost shifting and violation of additionality can go hand in hand. India's national offsetting program is a case in point. Recent legislation allows the diversion of offset funds to meet the country's preexisting commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). With such diversions, no additional conservation takes place and development impacts remain uncompensated. Temporary additionality cannot be conceded in light of paucity of funds for preexisting commitments unless there is open acknowledgement that fulfillment of such commitments is contingent on offset funds. Two other examples of perverse incentives related to offsetting in India are the touting of inherently neutral offsetting outcomes as conservation gains, a tactic that breeds false complacency and results in reduced incentive for additional conservation efforts, and the clearing of native vegetation for commercial plantations in the name of compensatory afforestation, a practice that leads to biodiversity decline. The risks accompanying cost shifting and other perverse incentives, if not preempted and addressed, will result in net loss of forest cover in India. We recommend accurate baselines, transparent accounting, and open reporting of offset outcomes to ensure biodiversity offsetting achieves adequate and additional compensation for impacts of development.     

基于ISM-AHP的建筑施工企业安全投入结构优化研究

建筑施工企业在安全资金的投入和使用上都存在不合理的现象,为提高企业的安全管理水平,确保安全投入高效性,有必要对建筑施工企业的安全投入结构进行优化.通过调查问卷的形式调研65个建筑施工项目的安全管理人员,筛选出主要安全投入要素.然后运用解释结构模型(ISM)结合层次分析法(AHP)构建安全投入结构优化模型.并且,根据调查...     

改进层次分析法评价区域工业污染源

为了保证区域环境与社会经济的可持续发展,从环境、经济和社会的整体效益出发,对区域工业污染源进行系统分析、评价,并进行宏观控制本文基于环境、经济和社会三效益指标的系统要素影响,设计一种定性与定量相结合描述判断矩阵的多指标决策的层次分析法来IF价了业污染源,克服了等标污染负荷法只考虑主控污染因子排放总量的单一性以及层次分析法量化标度时产生的主观性影响,评价结果较为合理     

基于组合赋权法的空管监视信息质量评估

为准确评估监视信息质量,给空中交通管制(ATC)提供决策依据,预防事故的发生,从目标航迹完整性、精确性、正确性等3个方面出发,构建由跟踪完整性、参数完整性、位置精度、速度精度、航向精度、参数正确性和目标真伪值等7个指标构成的监视信息质量评估体系;以总偏差最小为目的将可拓层次分析法(EAHP)和熵权法有效结合确定指标权重,经加权求和得到监视信息质量评估值,通过对比专家划分的标准,判断各目标质量评估值对应的等级;以华北地区某扇区某时间段的9个目标为例进行试验仿真。结果表明:9个目标评估结果与专家分析相符,该评估指标体系可以实时评估监视信息质量,有利于提高空管监视系统安全水平。     

再生水水质安全保障体系评价模型的构建

污水再生利用是解决水危机切实可行的途径之一,加强水质安全保障体系的评价工作对于促进再生水使用的监督和管理有重要意义.根据再生水生产、输配及使用的各个环节,建立了再生水水质安全保障评价指标体系,采用层次分析法求备评价指标的权重,建立了基于2级模糊综合评价方法的再生水水质安全保障体系评价模型,对深圳市莲塘再生水示范基地的安全保障体系进行了模糊综合评价,评价结果与相关检测机构检测结果相符.研究表明:在求各评价指标的权重时,层次分析法具有科学的检验手段,误差较小;采用多层次的定性化与定性化相结合的模糊综合评价方法对再生水水质安全保障体系进行综合评判,避免了人的主观随意性,评价结果更符合实际情况.     

航空公司安全监督人员绩效评价方法研究

为了促进航空公司安全监督人员更好地履行安全监督职责,针对员工绩效评价中的指标确立和权重合理量化问题,建立了包括工作业绩、工作能力和敬业精神在内的更全面的指标评价体系,应用层次分析法构建综合评价模型,并给出综合评价分值的计算公式。结果表明,层次分析法可以用于难以定量指标的权重的确定,提高了绩效评价的合理性和一致性。     

应用层次分析-模糊综合评判法对煤与瓦斯突出危险性的预测

现场测定某矿掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出的预测指标值,该指标包括:电磁辐射强度、电磁辐射脉冲、软分层厚度、钻屑量、瓦斯涌出初速度和综合指标R;运用层次分析法确定各预测指标的重要程度;利用模糊数学综合评价方法对煤与瓦斯突出的危险性进行综合预测。结果表明,该方法对煤与瓦斯突出的预测结果与综合指标R预测情况符合性较好,具有较强的实用性和可靠性,对煤矿的安全生产工作具有一定的指导作用和借鉴价值。     

煤与瓦斯突出影响因素评价分析的模糊层次分析方法

采用模糊层次分析法(FAHP),建立煤与瓦斯突出模糊层次分析模型,并进行分析计算。依据模糊层次分析法,选择影响平煤集团12矿己组煤层煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素,确定各因素的权重系数,并对其进行分析、排序,最后进行综合评定煤与瓦斯突出的影响因素。结果表明:地应力D,地质构造T,煤层瓦斯压力P等是影响该矿己组煤层煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素。该FAHP的应用为制定相应的煤与瓦斯突出防治措施,提供了科学的理论依据和切合实际的评价方法。     

基于层次分析法的电力企业员工安全素质测评指标体系研究

通过对安全素质概念的研究,结合电力企业实际,确立了电力企业员工安全素质测评指标体系,包括:4个一级指标、11个二级指标和47个三级指标,并运用层次分析法建立了层次结构模型,确定相关因子的影响力排序。其结果显示:安全能力是电力企业员工安全素质的首要因素,其次是安全知识,而安全生理素质和安全心理素质列为最后;该排序基本反映了目前电力企业员工安全素质的实际情况,为控制和减少人为事故的发生提供了依据。