靶场训练环境构设效果评估方法研究

目的 针对靶场基地化训练战场环境构设效果难以定量评估的实际情况,研究定量评估方法,开展效果评估,辅助支撑改进环境构设方案筹划与课目实施。方法 分析环境构设的内容,确定效果评估的对象,构建环境构设效果评估指标体系,采用层次分析法计算权重取值,采用专家打分法确定指标取值,最终得出效果评估值,并给出环境构设效果等级。结果 以某次基地化训练实践活动为例,通过以上方法评估战场环境构设活动效果,验证了该评估方法的可行性。结论 该评估方法实际可行,提供了环境构设效果定量评估的思路,对改进战场环境构设活动有较强的指导意义。     

基于AHP-CRITIC综合权重的改进物元可拓模型在地下水水质评价中的应用

权重的确定在地下水水质评价中具有重要作用。利用CRITIC方法对地下水指标进行权重修正,探究该方法对地下水质量评价的适用性。笔者选取代表性指标后,按照一般化学指标、毒理学指标2个层次构建地下水污染评价综合指标体系,建立基于AHP-CRITIC综合权重的改进物元可拓模型对研究区地下水开展质量评价。将开发的评价方法应用于工业园区地下水质量评价发现,该方法能够反映地下水质量状况。结果表明:该评价方法在地下水质量评价过程中,能够兼顾不同指标重要程度差异和水质等级的模糊性,研究区5#点位和10#点位有毒有害重金属超标,应进一步查明原因,提出地下水污染阻断措施。     

以南疆为例的区域暴恐袭击风险评估

为探寻暴恐袭击高风险区域,推进公共安全精细化管理,以南疆地区为例,采用网格化社会经济数据、遥感数据和兴趣点(POI)数据等多源地理空间数据,从暴恐分子出现可能性、暴恐袭击目标选择偏好和暴恐袭击后果3个方面建立暴恐袭击风险评估指标体系,根据层次分析法(AHP)-Entropy、聚类分区等确定地理空间指标权重,最终得到南疆地区30″×30″(约1 km×1 km)细粒度的暴恐袭击风险的空间分布情况。结果表明:南疆地区的暴恐袭击高风险以上网格主要位于喀什、和田及阿克苏地区的部分市区和县城,与暴恐袭击历史事件的分布较一致,证明风险评估指标体系的合理性和可行性。     

耦合InVEST与GeoSOS-FLUS模型的桂林市碳储量可持续发展研究

为了量化桂林市碳储量并快速评估分级保护措施对区域碳储功能的影响,耦合InVEST模型碳储存模块和GeoSOS-FLUS模型,并基于土地利用数据和不同情景未来土地预测结果,对2000~2040年桂林市域范围六区十一县市内的碳储时空特征进行分析.结果表明:桂林市2000年、2010年和2020年的总碳储量分别为554.02×10⁶t,553.58×10⁶t,550.21×10⁶t,呈现“逐年下降”的变化态势.同时,受人类活动和土地利用类型变化的影响,桂林市域各区县的碳储水平存在较大的时空差异,碳储量整体表现为“西北、西南及东部较高,东北、东南及中部较低”的空间分布特征.将桂林市碳储量高值区确定为碳储资源的优先保护区域,与自然变化情景相比,资源保护情景下桂林市林地得到有效保护,建设用地规模扩大受到限制.采取资源保护措施后,桂林市2040年总碳储量达到552.16×10⁶t,较2020年增加了1.95×10⁶t,中低密度碳储区所占比例明显下降,区域固碳能力大大增强.该研究结果可为桂林市国家可持续发展示范城市建设提供指导,也可为碳储资源精准保护和土地利用管理决策提供科学参考.     

Performance evaluation method of oil and gas pipeline integrity management

The performance evaluation of integrity management has become the focus of attention because integrity management has become widely accepted by pipeline operators. This paper proposes a three-index system of pipeline integrity management performance evaluation (TISPIMPE), which includes system construction, implementation process, and pipeline health status, comprehensively evaluating the status, adequacy, and effectiveness of integrity management. It helps the pipeline operators to determine the weakness in each step. Based on the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the different backgrounds of experts are fully considered, and experts' opinions are revised. The adjustment coefficient of performance evaluation is set up simultaneously, and the evaluation results are adjusted to make the results more reasonable. Taking the performance evaluation of pipeline integrity management of an oil and gas company as an example, it is shown that TISPIMPE has reasonable practicability and can accurately reflect the shortcomings of pipeline integrity management. TISPIMPE can effectively help pipeline managers comprehensively and systematically evaluate the performance of pipeline integrity management and gain an in-depth understanding of pipeline operation status.     

Mitigation translocation as a management tool

Mitigation translocation is a subgroup of conservation translocation, categorized by a crisis-responsive time frame and the immediate goal of relocating individuals threatened with death. However, the relative successes of conservation translocations with longer time frames and broader metapopulation- and ecosystem-level considerations have been used to justify the continued implementation of mitigation translocations without adequate post hoc monitoring to confirm their effectiveness as a conservation tool. Mitigation translocations now outnumber other conservation translocations, and understanding the effectiveness of mitigation translocations is critical given limited global conservation funding especially if the mitigation translocations undermine biodiversity conservation by failing to save individuals. We assessed the effectiveness of mitigation translocations by conducting a quantitative review of the global literature. A total of 59 mitigation translocations were reviewed for their adherence to the adaptive scientific approach expected of other conservation translocations and for the testing of management options to continue improving techniques for the future. We found that mitigation translocations have not achieved their potential as an effective applied science. Most translocations focused predominantly on population establishment- and persistence-level questions, as is often seen in translocations more broadly, and less on metapopulation and ecosystem outcomes. Questions regarding the long-term impacts to the recipient ecosystem (12% of articles) and the carrying capacity of translocation sites (24% of articles) were addressed least often, despite these factors being more likely to influence ultimate success. Less than half (47%) of studies included comparison of different management techniques to facilitate practitioners selecting the most effective management actions for the future. To align mitigation translocations with the relative success of other conservation translocations, it is critical that future mitigation translocations conform to an established experimental approach to improve their effectiveness. Effective mitigation translocations will require significantly greater investment of time, expertise, and resources in the future.