广东坡地红壤颗粒组成状况的研究──Ⅰ.土壤颗粒组成的特征

本文对广东坡地红壤颗粒组成的特征进行了初步研究、结果表明;广东坡地红壤较粗颗粒的矿物组成以轻矿物石英为主;粘粒的矿物组成一般以1：1高岭土为主;在粘粒的化学组成中,盐基淋失严重,铁铝氧化物聚积：颗粒大小分布主要受成土母质的影响。     

水资源短缺条件下绿洲的建设和发展——以卡拉—铁干里克垦区为例

在水资源短缺条件下,垦区农业发展采取了多种经营,发展以棉花、水果和养鹿为主的高效特色农业,同时加强工程建设,进行水资源开源节流,强化管理和对绿洲的保护,这些已成为维持绿洲稳定和促进绿洲农业经济发展的关键措施。     

地质灾害防治监测信息工程数据运筹技术

论述了监测信息工程在地质灾害防治中的作用和地位,重点就监测信息工程建设中若干高新数据库技术的应用问题进行了探讨。根据国际上新出现的数据仓库与数据集市的概念,提出了数据运筹技术的监测信息工程,在地质灾害预测与防治、环境保护与监测、地质工程安全监控等领域中有着广泛的应用前景。     

Research on carbon emissions in China's export trade based on input-output model

Becoming the world’s largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China’s export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions’international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.     

Control factors of partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) technology has potential technical superiority and economical efficiency for the nitrogen removal from landfill leachate, which contains high-strength ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N) and refractory organics. To complete the ANAMMOX process, a preceding partial nitritation step to produce the appropriate ratio of nitrite/ammonium is a key stage. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions to acquire constant partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment, and a bench scale fixed bed bio-film reactor was used in this study to investigate the effects of the running factors on the partial nitritation. The results showed that both the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and the ammonium volumetric loading rate (Nv) had effects on the partial nitritation. In the controlling conditions with a temperature of 30±1℃, Nv of 0.2-1.0 kg NH4 -N/(m3d), and DO concentration of 0.8-2.3 mg/L, the steady partial nitritation was achieved as follows: more than 94% partial nitritation efficiency (nitrite as the main product), 60%-74% NH4 -N removal efficiency, and NO2--N/NH4 -N ratio (concentration ratio) of 1.0-1.4 in the effluent. The impact of temperature was related to iVv at certain DO concentration, and the temperature range of 25-30癈 was suitable for treating high strength ammonium leachate. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria could be acclimated to higher FA (free ammonium) in the range of 122-224 mg/L. According to the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis result of the bio-film in the reactor, there were 25 kinds of 16S rRNA gene fragments, which indicated that abundant microbial communities existed in the bio-film, although high concentrations of ammonium and FA may inhibit the growth of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and other microorganisms in the reactor.     

一种基于斜坡单元的山区城镇地质灾害高危险坡段识别方法

地质灾害高危险坡段的识别对山区城镇防灾减灾具有重要意义.以山西省石楼县城区为例,采用层次分析法对石楼县城区斜坡开展地质灾害危险性评价,初步确定出14处高危险坡段.再利用Geostudio软件对初定的高危险坡段开展稳定性计算,进一步识别高危险坡段范围,最终将11处斜坡段内出现整体不稳定或局部不稳定的坡体定为高危险坡段.经...     

印染废水处理的磁混凝-高梯度磁分离协同作用

混凝过程作为工业废水的预处理技术普遍受到重视,在混凝过程中降低污泥产生量并提高污泥分离速度是该技术发展的方向,基于上述目标,通过将磁粉引入絮体使之磁化并在自行研制的高梯度磁分离装置中实现磁混凝与磁分离的协同作用.以高浊度的印染废水作为试验废水,以色度、COD及SS作为考核指标,重点考察了磁混凝反应及磁分离的影响因素.当印染废水的色度约为900倍、COD约为595 mg/L、SS约为500 mg/L时,在pH=8.5、FeSO4500 mg/L、PAM3.5 mg/L、磁粉400 mg/L的适宜磁混凝反应条件下,相应指标去除率比传统混凝法分别高出17.3%、21.7%及24.2%,此时絮团沉降速度增大了64.3%,污泥体积减少了61%,污泥压缩比为0.39.在电流强度8 A、流速2.5 L/min和介质填充率1%的操作条件下,该磁性絮体流经高梯度磁分离装置时的水力表面负荷达到61.0 m3/m2·h,处理出水达到国家二级排放标准.     

好氧高效过滤分离生物流化床的试验研究

在分析、研究内循环三相生物流化床反应器(ITBFB)效能影响因素的基础上,提出了轻质滤料过滤与ITBFB相耦合技术原理,设计出好氧高效分离生物流化床复合反应器.应用新型反应器进行生活污水中试试验的结果表明,在复合反应器HRT较短为1.1 h时,SCOD和SS去除率分别达60%和96%;在滤层厚度为30 cm,过滤速度为4.24 m/h时,复合反应器的出水悬浮物可保证16 h达标排放.     

坡面林地土壤水分特征函数空间变异性初探

土壤水分特征函数空间异质性是定量研究土壤非饱和带水分运动以及溶质运移的先决条件. 以坡面机械布点采样、压力膜仪测定土壤水分特征曲线,并以Van-Genuchten模型拟合曲线后,用传统的统计方法与地统计方法,分析了密云水库流域周边人工油松林坡面土壤水分特征函数空间异质性. 结果表明:①不同土壤层各级压力下土壤含水量变异系数(C_v)呈中等变异性,C_v为10%～25%,土壤有效饱和度越低,变异性C_v越大,计算合理取样数目越大. ②模型参数θ_s为中等变异,C_v为17.77%～18.12%,服从正态分布;参数α为强变异性,C_v为70.65%～120.91%;参数n为弱变异性,C_v为5.29%～7.09%. ③各土壤层参数θ_s和α均具有空间变异结构,除20～40 cm层参数α符合指数模型外,其余层参数均符合球状模型,参数θ_s和α变程(A)分别约为66～69及21～69 m;参数n仅在20～40 cm土壤层显示空间变异结构,符合球状模型,变程(A)约为18 m;整体上该林地土壤0～20和20～40 cm层参数多以结构性变异为主,40～60 cm层参数的块金效应渐显增大. 最后采用Kriging插值方法分别对各参数进行了预测.      

次灵敏线测定地表水中高含量的钾钠钙镁

对采用次灵敏线测定地表水中高含量的钾、钠、钙、镁的灵敏度、检测限、线性范围、共存元素的干扰情况以及精密度和准确度进行了研究,发现该方法线性范围宽,精密度好,准确度高,与标准法(灵敏线)相比,相对误差<3%,满足分析需要。同时标准曲线系列常温下放置至少可稳定1a,避免了每次测定水样都要制作标准曲线的麻烦,既节省了试剂,又减轻了工作量,具有较高的实用价值。