温度对垃圾热解液体产物性质的影响

选用生活垃圾作为试验物料,利用铝甑试验台、元素分析、红外分析(FTIR)等方法,对不同温度下垃圾热解液体产物的性质进行研究。结果表明:热解终温600℃,升温速率20℃/min时垃圾的热解液产率最高;600℃的垃圾热解油含氧量最低,为20.28%,热值达到31.42 MJ/kg;各温度下垃圾热解液的含水率为20%~30%,酸值大于30 mg/g(KOH),灰分在600℃时达到最大,为0.25%;通过热解油的FTIR分析,垃圾热解油中含有酚类、醛类、羧酸类、酮类、芳香烃类、脂肪族等多种组分,其中600℃下垃圾热解油的芳香烃类物质较多,羧酸类物质较少。     

饮用水中挥发性卤代烃的顶空气相色谱分析研究

本文研究并拟订了一种饮用水中五种挥发性卤代烃的顶空气相色谱分析法，方法灵敏准确，操作简便快速，实际水样分析结果满意     

用外加热回转窑生产高纯活性氧化镁回收二氧化碳新工艺

针对当前镁制品生产过程中存在的严重资源浪费和环境污染严重的问题，提出以废弃菱镁矿渣为原料，利用新型外加热回转窑生产高纯氧化镁，并从生产废气中回收食品级液态二氧化碳的新工艺。     

重金属在猪粪堆肥过程中的化学变化

运用DTPA浸提、化学分级提取、透析及G-75凝胶色谱分离等方法研究不同堆肥工艺及不同原料对猪粪混合堆肥重金属化学形态的影响及其机理.结果表明,堆肥后,树叶+翻DTPA-Cu、DTPA-Zn、DTPA-Pb浓度占其金属总浓度比例的减少量分别为3.36%、8.63%和4.68%,木糠+通翻分别为3.35%、7.45%和4.36%,均显著大于木糠+翻;树叶+翻有机态Cu的增加量为4.49%,木糠+通翻残渣态Zn的增加量为8.42%,均显著大于木糠+翻;木糠+翻及树叶+翻两处理<8000Da组分Zn增加,>25000Da组分Zn减少,而木糠+通翻的变化正好相反;Cu更易与大分子腐殖质组分结合,而且结合较紧密;Zn更易与小分子腐殖质组分结合,但结合不紧密.总的来说,加入树叶或采用强制通风结合翻堆的通风方式有助于降低猪粪堆肥的重金属活性.     

内电解还原-高效厌氧反应工艺处理化工生产废水

化工生产废水中有机物浓度高,成分复杂,采用常规的处理工艺难以达标。本工艺采用分级处理的方法,先通过催化氧化、内电解铁屑还原反应装置,降低生产浓废水中的有机物含量,改善污水的可生化性;再采用高效厌氧反应器进一步处理废水,有机物去除率高,出水水质稳定,实现了达标排放。     

用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉柱前衍生的高效液相色谱法测定重金属

研究了用固相萃取富集、快速分离柱高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中镍、锡、铅、镉、汞5种重金属的方法。环境水样中的镍、锡、铅、镉、汞用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉(T4APP)柱前衍生,然后用ZORBAX RP18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的T4APP络合物,经富集后的络合物用甲醇-丙酮(体积比95∶5)为流动相,ZORBAX Stab le Bound(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)快速分离柱为固定相分离,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的检测限分别为4,5,4,3,3 ng/L,分离5种重金属元素络合物的时间只需2.0 m in,相对标准偏差为2.2%~4.1%,加标回收率为88%~104%。用该法测定环境水样中的痕量镍、锡、铅、镉、汞,结果令人满意。     

黑液水煤浆的燃烧和污染排放特性研究

针对造纸黑液的特点,提出应用水煤浆技术治理黑液的思路.该技术视黑液为资源,对黑液进行合理应用,从而达到了污水零排放目的.使用热天平对黑液水煤浆进行了热重分析.研究表明,黑液水煤浆具有着火点低、燃烬特性较好的燃烧特性.黑液水煤浆的工业炉燃烧试验表明,黑液水煤浆燃烧效率较高(为97 3 1% ) ,且燃烧后SO2 排放达标(SO2 排放浓度为67mg·m- 3) .     

新一代环保型燃料——水煤浆

本文通过水煤浆在工业锅炉、电站锅炉及窑炉上的燃烧应用,说明水煤浆是新型清洁环保燃料。     

Study of the levels of N‐methylcarbamate pesticides in waters of the river Huelva

A study on the levels of N‐methylcarbamate pesticides and some degradation products in waters of the river Huelva was carried out. This river constitutes the main water supply of the city of Seville at the south west of Spain with a population of almost one million inhabitants. N‐methylcarbamates were extracted from the water by using C‐18 solid phase cartridges. High performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was used to carry out the determinations. Residues of carbaryl, methiocarb sulphoxide and α‐naphthol were found in some of the analysed water samples.     

Determination of fumonisins in milk

Abstract

Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) and fumonisin B₂ (FB₂) were determined in milk by liquid chromatography (LC) following immunoaffinity column cleanup. Recoveries from milk spiked with 5–50 ng each fumonisin/ml averaged 79–109%. The aminopentol hydrolysis product of FB₁ (AP₁) was determined by LC after cleanup on a C₁₈solid phase phase extraction column; mean recoveries were 69–83% at spiking levels of 50–100 ng AP₁/ml milk. Detection limits were of the order 3–7 ng/ml for FB₁ and FB₂, and 20–25 ng/ml for AP₁. A stability study showed no losses of FB₁ and FB₂ in milk under conditions of freezing, refrigeration and boiling. A transmission study using four cows dosed with pure FB₁, either orally (1.0 and 5.0 mg FB₁/kg b.w.) or by i.v. injection (0.05 and 0.20 mg FB₁/kg b.w.) showed no detectable residues of FB, or AP₁ in the milk, with or without hydroiytic treatment with β‐glucuronidase/sulfatase to liberate any conjugates.