Advancing adaptive governance of social-ecological systems through theoretical multiplicity

In recent years there has been rising scientific and policy interest in the adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. A systematic literature review of adaptive governance research during the period 2005–2014, demonstrates a vibrant debate taking place that spans a variety of empirical and theoretical approaches. The particular strength of adaptive governance is that it provides a theoretical lens for research that combines the analyses of novel governance capacities such as adaptive capacity, collaboration, scaling, knowledge and learning. As a way to give greater depth and analytical rigour to future studies over the next decade and beyond, we highlight the added value of theoretical multiplicity (i.e., focusing on the combination of theories to address complex problems). We argue that theoretical multiplicity can encourage stronger synergies between adaptive governance and other theoretical approaches and can help address epistemologically grey areas in adaptive governance scholarship, such as power and politics, inclusion and equity, short term and long term change, the relationship between public policy and adaptive governance.     

常见农药降解微生物研究进展及展望

农药是一类重要的环境污染物,已经造成了严重的全球性环境污染,笔者综述了降解常见农药的微生物及其机理,并指出分子生物学技术将是治理农药污染的一个有效手段。      

International Comparison of Occupational Safety and Health Research—A Review Based on Published Articles

A comparison of international literature in occupational safety and health (OSH) research over the years from 1980 to 1998 was conducted. The comparison is based on the different languages of the over 35,000 articles, which were collected from different databases. The distribution of languages in the analyzed data has to be considered carefully with respect to the original purpose of the data collection and the specific role of the international publication language, English. The comparison shows that in several aspects OSH research does not differ in different publication languages. In some methodological aspects, and in specific objects of research, differences between articles published in different languages can be found.     

关于QUAL系列模型研究与应用的中文文献统计与分析研究

收集、整理了关于QUAL系列模型的108篇中文文献,从文献统计的角度对其进行分析综述。在近20年中,关于QUAL系列模型的文献数量有着一定的增长趋势。参与文献研究的作者隶属于76个机构,其中以高等院校为主。这些文献分布在60种不同的期刊上,共有244人参与文献研究。随着QUAL系列模型在中国的实际应用越来越流行,介于模型的诸多优势,QUAL系列模型在国内的应用也越来越广泛。     

Predicting the time needed for environmental systematic reviews and systematic maps

Systematic reviews (SRs) and systematic mapping aim to maximize transparency and comprehensiveness while minimizing subjectivity and bias. These are time-consuming and complex tasks, so SRs are considered resource intensive, but published estimates of systematic-review resource requirements are largely anecdotal. We analyzed all Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) SRs (n = 66) and maps (n = 20) published from 2012 to 2017 to estimate the average number of articles retained at each review stage. We also surveyed 33 experienced systematic reviewers to collate information on the rate at which those stages could be completed. In combination, these data showed that the average CEE SR takes an estimated 164 d (full-time equivalent) (SD 23), and the average CEE systematic map (SM) (excluding critical appraisal) takes 211 d (SD 53). While screening titles and abstracts is widely considered time-consuming, metadata extraction and critical appraisal took as long or longer to complete, especially for SMs. Given information about the planned methods and evidence base, we created a software tool that predicts time requirements of a SR or map with evidence-based defaults as a starting point. Our results shed light on the most time-consuming stages of the SR and mapping processes, will inform review planning, and can direct innovation to streamline processes. Future predictions of effort required to complete SRs and maps could be improved if authors provide more details on methods and results.     

HALT试验技术综述

HALT试验是产品设计研发初期发现新产品应力缺陷的有限而快速的试验方法.相对于一般振动试验,其可达到的频率范围较高,且可实现六自由度振动和快速温变的综合.相对于一般环境试验中的高低温试验,其温变速率快很多.鉴于此试验方法的优越性,HALT试验在电子产品设计、研发阶段中已被广泛使用.     

文学的生态化走向--关于生态文学的几点思考

生态文学是在全球性环境危机的背景下，伴随着人类生态意识的觉醒和对现代文明的深刻反思而孕育、诞生的一种新型文学形态，同时也是生态学向文学、文学向生态学相互扩张渗透的产物。它以语言艺术构筑的形象抒写人与自然关系的现实，表达人类应有的对待自然的伦理信念、情感态度及行为规范，引领人们进入人与自然和谐共生的审美的理想境界。     

高透水地层复合土钉墙的应用

在透水性高的砂性土条件下,将止水帷幕水泥土搅拌桩与土钉相结合,形成复合土钉墙支护结构,是解决高透水地层基坑支护的有效方式.针对某具体工程实例,介绍了高透水地层采用复合土钉墙结构进行基坑支护的设计方案,并对基坑变形进行了监测.结果表明:采用复合土钉墙支护可满足基坑开挖对支护结构稳定及周边环境保护的要求,同时复合土钉墙结构受力合理、安全度高、施工简单方便、工期短、造价低,具有较好的经济和社会效益,可在类似工程中推广应用.     

2000—2010中国景观生态研究进展的文献综述

自80年代初期我国学者开始开展景观生态学研究以来,景观生态学的研究在我国获得了蓬勃发展。文章针对所搜集的2000—2010年我国研究景观生态学的学者发表在国内的18种核心期刊上的中文文献471篇,分不同专题进行分类统计,并在其基础上对我国景观生态学研究进行分析和论述,为我国的景观生态学者了解和把握中国景观生态学研究热点和发展趋势提供依据。     

基于未确知测度理论的安全生产状况评价研究

为研究我国省市的安全生产级别,基于未确知测度理论,建立安全生产状况评价的等级模型。根据实际情况,选取5项评价指标,建立各评价指标的未确知测度函数。利用熵确定各项指标的权重,避免人为主观性对评价的影响,根据多指标综合测度评价向量和置信度识别准则进行评判。结合2009年9省市对应指标统计数据,采用未确知理论对安全生产状况进行评价,并结合实际进行分析。该理论为省、市安全生产提供了指导性的建议和依据。