石灰/粉煤灰水合反应制备高活性脱硫剂机理分析

以粉煤灰的特殊结构为基础 ,分析了石灰 粉煤灰水合反应制备高活性脱硫剂的反应产物、反应过程 ,以及添加剂和压力水合的机制     

中国高矿化度矿井水脱盐技术应用现状研究

详细介绍了中国主要的水处理脱盐技术,包括化学药剂法、离子交换法、蒸馏法、电渗析法、反渗透法,并列举了各技术在高矿化度矿井水处理中的应用实例。实际经验表明化学药剂法、离子交换法和蒸馏法在高矿化度矿井水处理中均具有一定的局限性,电渗析技术脱盐效率高,适用于处理含盐量在500 mg/L~4 000mg/L的矿井水,反渗透技术脱盐效率高,应用范围广,既能够处理含盐量4 000 mg/L以下的矿井水,也能够处理含盐量10 000 mg/L的矿井水,是现阶段中国高矿化度矿井水脱盐的主要技术。     

基于未确知测度理论的煤层底板突水危险性评价

运用未确知测度理论,建立煤矿奥灰岩岩溶水类底板突水评价模型。选取煤层底板的地质构造(断裂构造密度、褶皱、断层导水性、岩体的裂隙发育情况)、水文地质条件(水压、含水性、岩溶含水层发育情况、强水源补给情况)、底板隔水层条件(隔水层厚度、岩石力学强度以及隔水岩层的完整性)、开采条件(采厚和采深)4个一级指标、13项二级指标作为未确知测度模型的判别指标;根据指标值的类型采用定量或定性的方法对其进行分级和赋值,建立评判集,进而构建单指标测度函数。将13个突水评价指标值代入单指标测度函数计算得到单指标测度评价矩阵。利用信息熵理论获得各判别指标的权重,依照置信度识别准则进行等级判定,最后得出煤层底板突水危险性评价结果。利用该方法对肥城矿区14个地质块段的煤层底板突水危险性进行评价,结果表明,该评价结果与矿山实际情况相符。     

庐山研究的文献分析

通过检索庐山研究的电子文献，分析表明1994年后为庐山研究的高峰阶段。核心刊物发表的庐山研究文献相对较少，所占比例且呈逐渐下降的趋势。庐山研究文献的平均合作度和合著率较低，论文第一作者的分布具有广泛性和不均衡性特征，江西省由于地域上的优势而居发文量首位。科研院所是庐山研究的核心力量，庐山管理局以其优越的区位关系占据发文机构的首位。活跃作者群呈现出地域衰减规律，以江西九江为最高，逐次向省内的南昌以及周边省份扩散衰减。庐山研究文献的主题分布依次为文化景观类、旅游类、生物类、地质地貌类和生态环境类。庐山的研究应着力于建立的科学研究体系、培育和谐的研究群体和注重研究方法的创新。     

Framing the ecosystem concept through a longitudinal study of developments in science and policy

This paper examines how scientific literature and policy documents frame the ecosystem concept and how these frames have shaped scientific dialogue and policy making over time. This was achieved by developing a frame typology, as a basis for organizing relevant value expressions, to assess how different frames have altered perspectives of the ecosystem concept. The frame typology and analysis is based on a semi‐grounded and longitudinal document analysis of scientific literature and policy documents using the ecosystem concept. Despite changing discourses and public priorities (e.g., cultural constructs of biodiversity) both science and policy documents are characterized by stable value systems that have not changed substantially since the 1930s. These value systems were defined based on ethical principles that delineate 6 core frames: humans first, dual systems, eco‐science, eco‐holism, animals first, and multicentrism. Specific crises (e.g., climate change) and cross‐disciplinary uptake and re‐uptake of, for example, the ecosystem services concept, have brought new perspectives to the forefront of public discourse. These developments triggered changes in the core frames that, rather than being value based, are based on how the ecosystem is conceptualized under fixed value systems and over time. Fourteen subframes were developed to reflect these longitudinal changes. There are as such clear framing effects in both scientific literature and in policy. Ecosystem research is for instance often characterized by unstated value judgments even though the scientific community does not make these explicit. In contrast, policy documents are characterized by clear value expressions but are principally management driven and human centered.     

Issues in reverse supply chain,part III: classification and simple analysis

Due to growing environmental concern and increasing awareness among customers, reverse supply chain (RSC) has received much attention among researchers and practitioners. Therefore it is necessary to provide a comprehensive list of references for other researchers (or readers), who are interested in RSC research to help stimulate further interest. In this paper, we present classification schemes and a simple analysis for the reverse supply chain. This literature review was mainly based on journal articles but also included web based documents, conference materials, working papers, etc. A total of 543 articles were reviewed, of which 506 were published between 1967 and 2008 from 100 reputed international journals. Based on the literature review carried out and the nature of research observed in RSC, we have introduced two classification schemes to systematically organise the published articles. The first classification scheme is based on the content related issues on RSC and the second one is based on the solution methodology followed by the researchers. These classification schemes indicate that there is considerable research potential for RSC. The results also show that there is strong growth in RSC research.     

基于模型研究质量评价的SWAT模型参数取值特征分析

SWAT模型是目前我国应用最为广泛的流域水环境模型之一.由于该模型拥有分布式参数并且基于美国环境特征建立,确定合理的和符合我国流域环境特征的参数取值是模型应用中的关键工作.有研究通过总结现有报告的参数取值,为模型本地化应用提供参数取值参考,但这些研究忽略了其中SWAT模型研究质量之间的差异,也未考虑参数取值的非均匀性以及极端值的影响,因而研究结果的实用性不佳.建立了综合考虑模型建立、参数率定和验证、模拟效果的SWAT模型研究质量评价指标体系,对中国知网收录的2015~2017年发表的428篇SWAT模型研究文献开展定量评价并筛选高可信度文献.基于高可信度文献报告的SWAT模型参数取值,分析了15个涉及水文、泥沙和水质过程模拟的参数取值特征,包括参数取值分布特征及其在不同地理区域间的差异,以及参数率定值与默认值的偏差等.研究表明,在筛选得到的129篇高可信度文献中,SWAT模型应用整体上更加规范,且具有较好的区域代表性;15个模型参数在我国流域的取值分布具有正偏态、负偏态等不同特征,其中4个参数在我国不同地理区域的取值分布存在显著差异,12个参数在我国流域的取值明显偏离默认值.基于模型参数取值特征,以置信区间的形式给出了SWAT模型在我国本地化应用的参数取值建议,并针对不同数据条件下的模型应用提出了参数取值建议.     

GENERATED MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS FOR THE MIDWESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT A critical examination of single gage site, monthly streamflow statistical characteristics for two southern Illinois rivers, an Oklahoma river and a Texas river was made using a digital computer at Northwestern University. High flow variability for the rivers was evident in that, for the rivers tested, 8 to 11 months had coefficients of variation in excess of unity. The gamma distribution was not as efficient as the normal distribution for fitting power or logarithmic transforms of the historical monthly flow data (i.e., F^1-0, F^0-5, F^0-25, Fa¹²⁵, F^0.085, and log F). No single transform to a normal distribution was adequate for all twelve monthly flows, since definite seasonal grouping patterns were found for the four rivers examined. The highly variable flow in the low-flow season(s) indicated much more skewness than was typical of the remainder of the year. For the low-flow seasons, the higher-root (smaller exponent) transforms were particularly useful. Flows were generated from a linear regression model of lag one utilizing two or more transforms for the twelve periods. The definite seasonal patterns found historically were reproduced quite well in the generated streamflows. The effect of a change in data transform from one season to the next was insignificant after one month. Thus the use of different transforms within the year did not bias the results from the linear regression model appreciably, but did help in reproducing the seasonal distribution pattern. The technique seems especially well suited for rivers with highly variable flows.     

Local sustainability processes worldwide: a systematic review of the literature and research agenda

This article presents a systematic literature review of 109 articles (1992–2015) dealing with Local Agenda 21 processes worldwide. It analyzes two essential elements of Local Agenda 21: (1) the holistic approach of the sustainable development concept and (2) the main driving forces behind such processes. It shows that, although at the beginning, sustainability was seen as a natural extension of environmental policy work, it has been perceived over recent years as a guiding principle applied to issues of environment, economic development, and social welfare, and Local Agenda 21 is perceived as a coherent approach to sustainability planning. In addition, Local Government Strategy is the main typology followed, although it suffers from important limitations. Future studies could focus on local sustainability process outcomes. Further quantitative studies would be welcome, given the qualitative case study dominance in the field. We conclude with a research agenda to tackle theoretical, methodological, and empirical lacunae.