PTA高效降解菌制备与PTA废水生物处理研究

筛选出了4株对苯二甲酸(TA)的高效降解菌,利用诱变技术,使菌种的DNA结构发生突变,提高了菌种降解性能,并对优化后的菌种进行固定化包埋,形成高效菌对苯二甲酸(PTA)废水生物处理技术,处理负荷达到5kgCOD/m3·d以上。     

UV/Fe3+/H2O2体系降解活性艳橙X-GN废水的研究

采用UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系光解活性艳橙X-GN模拟废水,考察了X-GN,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度、初始pH值及温度对光解的影响,探讨了X-GN的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在8W低压汞灯(λ＝254nm)照射下,UV/Fe3 /H2O2能够有效地降解X-GN,在pH=3.0,T=50 ℃,时间为120 min,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度分别为2.5×10-5 mol·l-1和1.5×10-4 mol·l-1时,对含200 mg·l-1 X-GN模拟废水的色度去除率和矿化率分别达到100%和90.15%.用IC和GC/MS对X-GN降解的中间产物和最终产物进行分析,推导出UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系中X-GN降解的途径和机理.     

四川若尔盖湿地退化成因分析与对策研究

本文以四川若尔盖湿地为研究对象,主要贡献为：（1）应用卫星遥感数据对若尔盖湿地退化趋势进行了科学定量分析;（2）采用博弈论的分析方法对相关利益主体进行解析,在寻求利益均衡点的基础上,提出湿地保护性开发对策;（3）针对湿地退化因素提出了多种对策,其中生态移民的设想对保护四川若尔盖湿地较为适宜;（4）提出了“禁止-限制-发展”的产业结构调整思路,以指导湿地的合理开发利用。     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

智能控制在污水处理系统中的应用

针对污水处理系统的时变性、非线性、复杂性和不确定性的特点,提出应用人工智能技术对其进行控制,实现污水处理系统自动控制.对智能控制的主要分支模糊控制、神经网络控制和专家系统进行了分析,并对国内外专家学者将智能控制用于污水处理的概况进行了总结.结果表明:在污水处理中引入智能控制是一种提高处理效率、降低运行成本的有效方法.     

聚磷酸钙可降解纤维研究

为解决材料在环境中的降解问题,制备了聚磷酸钙纤维．研究表明其结构为无定形玻璃态,抗拉强度为１．９０ＧＰａ,弹性模量为６７．５ＧＰａ,并可发生化学降解,故可作为可降解复合材料的增强纤维     

SBR生物技术处理竹浆造纸黑液的研究

通过循环序间歇式活性污泥法（ＳＢＲ）处理可使经酸析木质素后所得黑液中的ＢＯＤ５和ＣＯＤ显著减少,当进水中ＣＯＤ浓度为１０９０－１１７０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＢＯＤ５去除率为７０％－８３％,ＣＯＤ去除率为５４．５％－６３％,出水中ＢＯＤ５和ＣＯＤ的浓度分别为７６－１０１ｍｇ／Ｌ和４１９－５００ｍｇ／Ｌ,内电解与ＳＢＲ联合对黑液的处理更为有效,当进水ＣＯＤ浓度为１０４６－１１００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＢＯＤ５和ＣＯＤ去除率     

4种农药对3种拟菊酯杀虫剂在不同光源下的光解效应

以太阳光、氙灯、高压汞灯为光源,研究了哒嗪硫磷、多菌灵、克百威、丁草胺4种农药对氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯3种拟菊酯杀虫剂的光解速度及光解效应的影响。结果表明：哒嗪硫磷、多菌灵对氯氰菊酯等3种拟菊酯杀虫剂在3种不同光源的光照处理下均表现出光敏降解效应;然而在太阳光及高压汞灯光源的光照处理下,克百威和丁草胺对３种拟菊酯杀虫剂具有光猝灭降解作用。太阳光照射下氯氰菊酯等3种拟菊酯杀虫剂的光解率与其单位面积上的药剂剂量成反比;而哒嗪硫磷等4种农药对3种拟菊酯杀虫剂的光敏或光猝灭效率与此4种农药的剂量成正相关     

聚乙烯醇生化矿化度及自然降解的研究

通过对聚乙烯醇(PVA)生化矿化度、PVA在目然水域及土壤中的自净能力以及PVA降解过程中结构变化的研究,探讨PVA的可生化性及降解进程中物质的转化规律.PVA的生化矿化度高达50-70％,表明PVA在微生物作用下可以高度降解.由自净能力和结构变化过程的研究表明,PVA首先由大分子转变为小分子,经相应时间后向无机物转化,说明PVA在自然水域和土壤中有较好的自净作用。     

河水中水合肼降解规律的探讨

本文通过室内及室外实际河流的监测,证明了水合肼的降解符合动力学一级反应。降解速度受水温、微生物、溶解氧、pH等因素影响,水温高,有微生物的存在,富氧及pH在6—8之间的条件下,降解速度快。温度对降解的影响符合K_T=K_(20)θ~((T-20))公式。利用微机计算出K_(20)与θ,结果pH为6时K_(20) 0.0281~1/h,θ1.045,pH为8时K_(20) 0.021~1/h,θ1.036,计算与实测降解系数平均误差分别为1.17％和-10.7％。在所实验的河流中,水合肼的降解系数为0.300~1/h平均误差为-5.87％。