西北地区高速公路建设中的水土保持

就西北地区高速公路建设的水土流失特点进行了分析，并提出了工程防范措施。     

宁沪高速公路句容段两侧土壤磁化率特征

汽车尾气排放导致高速公路两侧土壤中重金属元素含量升高的现象已逐渐被人们所认识,传统的化学分析方法准确直观,但具有费时及价格昂贵的缺点,本文通过利用土壤磁化率的检测手段,查明高速公路两侧土壤的磁化率异常变化的特征以及与重金属元素的相关关系,寻找一种既方便快捷又廉价的重金属评价方法。     

云南砚平高速公路岩溶的勘察与处治研究

文章叙述了砚平高速公路岩溶勘察情况,分析了砚平高速公路岩溶的工程地质特征及工程地质问题,提出了砚平高速公路岩溶的工程地质分类及处治原则,对岩溶地区公路的建设具有一定的参考和指导作用。     

关于公路环境监理专业化问题

根据公路项目的环境管理的现状和公路施工对环境的影响，结合公路环境监理试点工作的实践，提出建立专业化的环境监理队伍，专业化的组织形式，规范化的工作方法等。     

超速行驶违法行为成因及预防对策

超速行驶是引起道路交通事故的重要原因之一,针对目前我国超速行驶违法行为的现状和综合治理情况,阐述了超速行驶违法行为形成的主要原因,并从提高交通参与者的交通安全意识,改善道路安全设计,完善道路交通配套设施,提高车辆性能,加大测速执法设备的应用,加强执法策略等方面入手,提出超速行驶违法行为预防对策.     

Motorcycle crashes potentially preventable by three crash avoidance technologies on passenger vehicles

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the motorcycle crash population that would be potential beneficiaries of 3 crash avoidance technologies recently available on passenger vehicles.

Methods: Two-vehicle crashes between a motorcycle and a passenger vehicle that occurred in the United States during 2011–2015 were classified by type, with consideration of the functionality of 3 classes of passenger vehicle crash avoidance technologies: frontal crash prevention, lane maintenance, and blind spot detection. Results were expressed as the percentage of crashes potentially preventable by each type of technology, based on all known types of 2-vehicle crashes and based on all crashes involving motorcycles.

Results: Frontal crash prevention had the largest potential to prevent 2-vehicle motorcycle crashes with passenger vehicles. The 3 technologies in sum had the potential to prevent 10% of fatal 2-vehicle crashes and 23% of police-reported crashes. However, because 2-vehicle crashes with a passenger vehicle represent fewer than half of all motorcycle crashes, these technologies represent a potential to avoid 4% of all fatal motorcycle crashes and 10% of all police-reported motorcycle crashes.

Discussion: Refining the ability of passenger vehicle crash avoidance systems to detect motorcycles represents an opportunity to improve motorcycle safety. Expanding the capabilities of these technologies represents an even greater opportunity. However, even fully realizing these opportunities can affect only a minority of motorcycle crashes and does not change the need for other motorcycle safety countermeasures such as helmets, universal helmet laws, and antilock braking systems.     

高速公路路面沉积物的污染特性

对湖南省长潭西高速公路不同采样点的路面沉积物进行取样分析,并检测了样品的颗粒级配、COD、重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd)和有机质。结果表明,路面沉积物主要以粒径<0.15 mm的颗粒为主;较小颗粒物中的COD含量高于较大颗粒中的COD含量;粒径在0.15 mm以下的颗粒物所含重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的浓度普遍高于所选的土壤标准值,降雨一旦形成径流将会产生严重的污染危害;沉积物中的有机质含量对重金属的吸附有一定的影响,有机质含量越高,沉积物中重金属含量相对也高。     

沿海高速公路风险评价体系构建

沿海高速公路建设面临地质条件复杂,气象灾害多样、工程类型多等困难,针对其风险评估工作多而繁杂的实际情况,以浙江沿海疏港高速公路为工程背景,选择道路工程、桥梁工程和隧道工程为研究对象,在其中筛选提炼出软土路基区、人工海岸区、跨海湾特大桥、水底隧道等作为评价对象,分析了在沿线地质条件及气象条件下,不同评价对象在施工期和运营期可能面临的各种风险因素,选择其中的主要风险因素,构成多级评估对象,搭建了沿海高速公路风险评价的体系,并且说明了所采用的评估方法和评估流程,并介绍了所采用的风险概率和风险后果等级标准。构建沿海高速公路风险评价体系能为我国的类似工程提供了借鉴。     

上海内环高架沿线灰尘重金属污染分析与评价

对上海市内环高架沿线街道灰尘重金属污染进行了调查,结果表明,与道路交通因素相关的重金属Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn均具有较高的含量水平,分别为上海市土壤背景值的9.3倍,7.5倍,9.0倍和8.8倍。除了重金属Hg以外,其他7种重金属平均含量均表现为浦西段高于浦东段,说明内环高架浦西段相对于浦东段具有较高的重金属积累。而污染指数评价的结果也表明了上述4种重金属的污染程度超过了其他重金属,已经达到了中度污染水平。     

Migration and control of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) along highway corridors

The east-west density gradient and the pattern and mode of migration of the wetland exotic, purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), were assessed in a survey of populations along the New York State Thruway from Albany to Buffalo to determine if the highway corridor contributed to the spread of this species. During the peak flowering season of late July to early August, individual colonies of purple loosestrife were identified and categorized into three size classes in parallel belt transects consisting of the median strip and highway rights-of-way on the north and south sides of the road. Data were also collected on the presence of colonies adjacent to the corridor and on highway drainage patterns. Although a distinct east-west density gradient existed in the corridor, it corresponded to the gradient on adjacent lands and was greatly influenced by a major infestation at Montezuma National Wildlife Refuge. The disturbed highway corridor served as a migration route for purple loosestrife, but topographic features dictated that this migration was a short-distance rather than long-distance process. Ditch and culvert drainage patterns increased the ability of purple loosestrife to migrate to new wetland sites. Management strategies proposed to reduce the spread of this wetland threat include minimizing disturbance, pulling by hand, spraying with glyphosate, disking, and mowing.Contribution 719 of the National Fisheries Research Center-Great Lakes, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.